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High- and low-latitude climatic processes in the North Pacific Ocean are important components of the global climate system. For example, the interplay among North Pacific atmospheric circulation, ocean circulation, and biological productivity affects atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and marine oxygen concentrations. Here we review recent research on the North Pacific paleoclimatic and paleoceanog
Den här artikeln granskar subskriptionerne på Markusevangeliet i 157 grekiska handskrifter, och noterar deras gradvisa utveckling från att vara identisk med titeln i den tidigaste fasen till att bli mer och mer utarbetad och betydelsefull för tolkningshistorien. Tidigt, vilket återspeglas i titeln, förknippades det andra evangeliet med Markus, känd för att vara Petrus lärjunge och tolk. Under det This article surveys the subscriptions to the Gospel of Mark in 157 Greek manuscripts, noting their gradual development from being identical to the title in the earliest phase to becoming more and more elaborate and significant for the history of interpretation. Early on, as reflected in the title, the Second Gospel was associated with Mark, known to be Peter’s disciple and interpreter. In the fou
A new empirical parameterization (EP) for multiple groups of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) is implemented in the aerosol-cloud model (AC) to investigate their roles as ice nucleating particles (INPs). The EP describes the heterogeneous ice nucleation by (1) fungal spores, (2) bacteria, (3) pollen, (4) detritus of plants, animals, and viruses, and (5) algae. Each group includes fragm
Land biosphere processes are of central importance to the climate system. Specifically, ecosystems interact with the atmosphere through a variety of feedback loops that modulate energy, water, and CO2 fluxes between the land surface and the atmosphere across a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. Human land use and land cover modification add a further level of complexity to land-atmosphere
Biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from trees subjected to biotic stress are higher compared to healthy trees, and they may also have a different compound composition. This in turn affects atmospheric chemistry and can lead to either positive or negative feedback to the climate. Climate change favors the abundance of the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) which attacks
We study the one-dimensional version of the Rudin–Osher–Fatemi (ROF) denoising model and some related TV-minimization problems. A new proof of the equivalence between the ROF model and the so-called taut string algorithm is presented, and a fundamental estimate on the denoised signal in terms of the corrupted signal is derived. Based on duality and the projection theorem in Hilbert space, the proo
Inference of CO2 surface fluxes using atmospheric CO2 observations in atmospheric inversions depends critically on accurate representation of atmospheric transport. Here we characterize regional-scale CO2 transport uncertainties due to uncertainties in meteorological fields using a mesoscale atmospheric model and an ensemble of simulations with flow-dependent transport errors. During a 1-month sum
Iron can be a growth‐limiting nutrient for phytoplankton, modifying rates of net primary production, nitrogen fixation, and carbon export ‐ highlighting the importance of new iron inputs from the atmosphere. The bioavailable iron fraction depends on the emission source and the dissolution during transport. The impacts of anthropogenic combustion and land use change on emissions from industrial, do
Over the past two decades, there has been a sharp rise in the use of prescription opioids. In several countries, most notably the United States, opioid-related harm has been deemed a public health crisis. As surgeons are among the most prolific prescribers of opioids, growing attention is now being paid to the role that opioids play in surgical care. While opioids may sometimes be necessary to pro
The land surface temperature (LT) is a crucial variable that governs the energy and radiation budget of the earth's atmosphere and influences land-atmosphere interactions. The LT plays a crucial role mainly in the short-range forecast of a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model. The primary research goal in this research work undertaken is to assess the impact of assimilation of LT data from the
This thesis concerns estimation in partially observed continuous and discrete time Markov models and focus on both inference about the conditional distribution of the unobserved process as well as parameter inference for the dynamics of the unobserved process. Paper A concerns calibration of advanced stock price models, in particular the Bates and NIG-CIR models, using options data observed th
Soil management is a crucial aspect of sustainable agriculture, and traditional knowledge has played a pivotal role in shaping practices that maintain soil health over time. This study examines the significance of traditional soil management techniques used in Uttar Pradesh, India, and assesses their effectiveness in addressing modern agricultural challenges. The primary objective of this analysis
The following sections are included:OverviewInitiation of particles in convectionGrowth of particles in convectionRepresentation of microphysics in mass-flux convection schemes of large-scale modelsSummary
Ice formation remains one of the most poorly represented microphysical processes in climate models. While primary ice production (PIP) parameterizations are known to have a large influence on the modeled cloud properties, the representation of secondary ice production (SIP) is incomplete and its corresponding impact is therefore largely unquantified. Furthermore, ice aggregation is another importa
While climate models broadly agree on the changes expected to occur over the Arctic with global warming on a pan-Arctic scale (i.e. polar amplification, sea ice loss, and increased precipitation), the magnitude and patterns of these changes at regional and local scales remain uncertain. This limits the usability of climate model projections for risk assessments and their impact on human activities
Here we present a new eastern Baltic Chironomidae training set (TS) containing 35 sites that was collected and merged with neighbouring published Finnish (82 lakes) and northern part of the Polish (nine lakes) TSs. Chironomidae, non-biting midges, are known to be strongly responsive to the July air temperature and are widely used to infer palaeotemperature. Several modern analogue-based TSs necess
This article explores various attempts to critique the law with reference to an authority or idea that is seen as transcending law in its existing forms. As heuristic tools, I use a distinction be-tween prophetic and apocalyptic discourses, the former referring to discourses that remain scep-tical to the possibility of suspending law in any absolute sense; the latter describing discourses that art
Polyploidy and metastasis are associated with a low probability of disease-free survival in cancer patients. Polyploid cells are known to facilitate tumorigenesis. However, few data associate polyploidization with metastasis. Here, by generating and using diploid (2n) and tetraploid (4n) clones from malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) and colon carcinoma (RKO), we demonstrate the migration and in
