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Increased global trade in high-value food products presents new possibilities to developing countries to increase export revenues from agro-food trade. Yet, it also poses new challenges upon these countries to comply with prevailing food safety standards on industrial markets. Increased wealth in industrial countries and a number of severe food safety scandals have jointly contributed to an increa

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Happiness is a relatively new discipline within economics. Traditionally, economists have not paid too much attention to it since they considered that both indicators and theoretical assumptions in which this discipline was based were not neither reliable nor useful for policy recommendations. However, especially in the last decade, there has been extensive research which, if not proved, at least

Based on the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports of this thematic issue in Earth System Dynamics and recent peer-reviewed literature, current knowledge of the effects of global warming on past and future changes in climate of the Baltic Sea region is summarised and assessed. The study is an update of the Second Assessment of Climate Change (BACC II) published in 2015 and focuses on the atmosphere, lan

The purpose of our study is to examine what risk factors can contribute to a child/youth with neuropsychiatric disorders developing an addiction to drugs. We also wanted to find out what protective factors can contribute not to develop an addiction. In order to find out these two different aspects we interviewed twelve professionals to get their view upon the matter. The professionals work within

Since the 1980s community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches have been adopted by a variety of development projects in developing countries. Notwithstanding in the last few years critics have emerged, either on the lack of local participation or of ecological results. Literature related to CBNRM shows that different authors have different views about the successes and failures of

Meta-analysis is a statistical method used in evidence synthesis for combining, analyzing and summarizing studies that have the same target endpoint and aims to derive a pooled quantitative estimate using fixed and random effects models or network models. Differences among included studies depend on variations in target populations (ie, heterogeneity) and variations in study quality due to study d

Objectives: There is a lack of consensus around the definition of delivery by cesarean section (CS) on maternal request, and clinical practice varies across and within countries. Previous economic evaluations have focused on specific populations and selected complications. Our aim was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of CS on maternal request compared with planned vaginal birth in a Swedish cont

In this work, the forestry-enabled dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS was used to simulate forest standing volume for the three main regions of Sweden. At the regional scale, the model results were evaluated against observational data from the Swedish National Forest Inventory. Carbon fluxes of net ecosystem exchange (NEE), gross primary productivity (GPP), and ecosystem respiration (Reco) were si

The accuracy of pore size distributions (PSD) obtained from gas adsorption and cryoporometry is compromised by the presence of advanced adsorption and advanced melting effects, respectively. In order to improve PSD accuracy, it is necessary to know the extent of such effects. In this work cryoporometry and adsorption have been combined to study the onset of advanced melting effects in a sample par

Understanding the transition of biosphere‐atmosphere carbon exchange between glacial and interglacial climates can constrain uncertainties in its future projections. Using an individual‐based dynamic vegetation model, we simulate vegetation distribution and terrestrial carbon cycling in past cold and warm climates and elucidate the forcing effects of temperature, precipitation, atmospheric CO2 con

This paper presents the assimilation of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) into a terrestrial biosphere model to estimate the gross uptake of carbon through photosynthesis (GPP). We use the BETHY-SCOPE model to simulate both GPP and SIF using a process-based formulation, going beyond a simple linear scaling between the two. We then use satellite SIF data from the Orbiting Carbon Observat

Forest disturbances that lead to the replacement of whole tree stands are a cornerstone of forest dynamics, with drivers that include fire, windthrow, biotic outbreaks and harvest. The frequency of disturbances may change over the next century with impacts on the age, composition and biomass of forests. However, the disturbance return time, that is, the mean interval between disturbance events, re

This thesis investigates the role of advanced atmospheric inversion techniques and ∆¹⁴CO₂ observations in improving the accuracy of regional CO₂ flux estimates across Europe. Accurate quantification of fossil fuel emissions and biospheric fluxes is essential for understanding regional carbon budgets and supporting climate policy. However, significant uncertainties persist due to limited observatio

Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease (CAHD) is one kind of severe heart disease that is the dominating cause of death from non-communicable diseases worldwide. CAHD can be early detected through pre-symptomatic health check-ups, and the electrocardiogram (ECG) is common for non-invasive health check diagnoses. Traditionally, ECG signals are utilized to extract clinical features that are then inp

Background: Return-to-work (RTW) resources for persons with mental health disorders are limited and costs are typically shared by several stakeholders in society. Occupational therapists (OT) provide RTW interventions for this target group, however, increased knowledge of health, and employment effects, as well as costs are needed to better inform decision makers in their prioritisations. Aims/obj

Climatic extreme events are expected to occur more frequently in the future, increasing the likelihood of unprecedented climate extremes (UCEs) or record-breaking events. UCEs, such as extreme heatwaves and droughts, substantially affect ecosystem stability and carbon cycling by increasing plant mortality and delaying ecosystem recovery. Quantitative knowledge of such effects is limited due to the

While scientific community disagrees about similarities and differences between human embryonic stem (hES) cells and human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells, some politicians embrace translational hiPS cell research as a replacement for translational hES cell research. We examine the ethical relevance of the main differences between hES and hiPS cell-based therapies and discuss whether, given