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In saline soils, the severity of drought for the soil microbial community is exacerbated by accumulating concentrations of salts during drying. In this study we investigated how bacterial growth and respiration responses to drying-rewetting were affected by salinity. To do this, we adjusted a non-saline soil to four different salinities (0, 2, 7 and 22 mg NaCl g−1), followed by addition of plant m

The number of nanoparticle-based products on the market is expected to increase considerably during the coming decades. For this to happen a solid supply of high-quality nanoparticles is needed. For metal nanoparticles no large-scale manufacturing method exists today but production using spark discharge generation is believed to be one of the most suitable candidates. Spark discharge generation of

This article provides an overview of the literature on demonstration projects and trials, and accounts for how insights drawn from this literature can contribute to the development of a sustainable bioeconomy. The article reviews the literature on demonstration projects and trials, covering both more broad-based studies on demonstration projects mainly carried out in the US and more specific studi

This dissertation argues that lower-level military leaders, commanding between a dozen and a few hundred troops, can have a major political and strategic impact. Furthermore, it is argued that the decisions made by these lower-level military leaders are shaped by subcultures, in particular under conditions of stress and uncertainty. The concept of tactical-level subcultures is defined, drawing on

The aim of the paper is to assess heterogeneity of the innovation process. Using exploratory factor analysis on micro data from the third Community Innovation Survey in 13 countries, we identify four patterns that can be interpreted as research, user, external, and production ingredients of innovation. All too often it is assumed that how firm innovate can be represented by differences across sect

The paper provides an interpretative framework and structured empirical evidence of the processes leading to the emergence of a light and slow growth economy in advanced countries. The interpretative framework rests upon the grafting of a) the Schumpeterian hypothesis about the role of creative reaction as the main determinant of the rate of technological change b) in a dynamic version of the Heck

Firm performance in the periphery: on the relation between firm-internal knowledge and local knowledge spillovers. Regional Studies. One of the most established arguments in regional studies is that knowledge dynamics shape thegeography of economic activities and, more specifically, that knowledge-intensive activities benefit from collocation due to knowledge spillovers, local buzz and access to l

Repeated exposure to elevated levels of glucocorticoids during development can have long-term detrimental effects on survival and fitness, potentially associated with increased telomere attrition. Nestling birds are regularly handled for ecological research, yet few authors have considered the potential for handling-induced stress to influence hormonally mediated phenotypic development or bias int

We discuss central exclusive production (CEP) of the tensor χc(2 +) meson in proton-(anti)proton collisions at Tevatron, RHIC, and LHC energies. The amplitude for the process is derived within the kt-factorization approach. Differential and total cross sections are calculated for several unintegrated gluon distribution functions (UGDFs). We compare exclusive production of all charmonium states χc(

Cobalt has been shown to accumulate in the myocardium of uraemic patients and has been suggested as a myocardial toxin inhibiting mitochondrial respiration. In order to study the cellular effects of cobalt exposure three groups of rats (n=12 per group) were fed a diet containing 12% protein without supplementation or with 20 mg and 40 mg CoSO4 7 H2O/kg body weight/day respectively. After 8 weeks t

The aim of this study was to investigate the gut microbiota in preschool children with and without overweight and obesity. Twenty overweight or obese children and twenty children with body mass index within the normal range (age: 4-5 years) were recruited from the south of Sweden. The gut microbiota was accessed by quantitative polymerase chain reactions and terminal restriction fragment length po

In this study, bread was baked with and without the addition of α-amylase. Starch was extracted from the baked bread and its molecular properties were characterized using 1H NMR and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) connected to multi-angle light scattering (MALS) and other detectors. The approach allows determination of molar mass, root- mean-square radius and apparent density as wel

The European Spallation Source (ESS), planned to be operational in 2019, is anticipated to be the worlds most intense neutron source. The total beam power will be 5 MW. We focus on the impact of manufacturing errors on the beam quality. In particular we assess the emittance dilution which occurs due to Higher Order Modes (HOMs) excited at a harmonic of the bunch frequency. We also discuss some ali

Innovation issues are increasingly highlighted in public policy, including competition policy. Not only is innovation a major factor behind economic growth in society, it is also increasingly shaping market conditions and affecting market participants’ behaviour. It therefore in various ways influences the legal analysis of markets and market practices. This dissertation examines the legal standa