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Decision and Value of Information analyses can be highly computational demanding due to the exponential growth of the decision tree in dependency of the state and decision variables. Due to the advancement of computational methods in the last decades, decision problems with moderate complexity maybe solved by a software tool whereas highly complex analyses require tailored approaches, algorithms a

Public procurement accounts for a very large share of most economies worldwide. This conceptual article argues that the key to achieving more innovations when pursuing public procurement is to describe problems to be solved or functions to be fulfilled (functional procurement) instead of describing the products to be bought (product procurement). Contracting authorities need to identify the proble

Over the last two decades the market for membrane technology in the food industry increased to a market volume of approx. € 50 million and is now the second largest industrial market for membranes after municipal water treatment in Germany. The key membrane technologies in the food industry are the pressure driven membrane processes; microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse os

We present a new model for building up complete exclusive hadronic final states in high energy nucleus collisions. It is a direct extrapolation of high energy pp collisions (as described by Pythia), and thus bridges a large part of the existing gap between heavy ion and high energy physics phenomenology. The model is inspired by the old Fritiof model and the notion of wounded nucleons. Two essenti

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: The objective of this review is to assess benefits and harms of postnatal administration of corticosteroids for the management of transient tachypnea of the newborn.

Regression testing is a means to assure that a change in the software, or its execution environment, does not introduce new defects. It involves the expensive undertaking of rerunning test cases. Several techniques have been proposed to reduce the number of test cases to execute in regression testing, however, there is no research on how to assess industrial relevance and applicability of such tec

With laser iridotomy it may often be difficult to achieve total penetration of the iris, particularly in very light or very dark irides. It may be impossible to determine with the slit-lamp whether a small laser iridotomy is functionally penetrating. We describe a straightforward method to test iridotomies for aqueous flow patency. Transcorneally introduced fluorescein is used to delineate any aqu

This report presents the sixth version of the European Grassland Butterfly Indicator, one of the EU biodiversity indicators of the European Environment Agency.The indicator is based on more than 9200 transects in national Butterfly Monitoring Schemes covering 22 countries across Europe, most of them active in the European Union. In 2015, counts were made in more than 4500 transects.Butterflies rep

(equation presented) The synthesis of α-substituted α,β-enones by a new metal iodide-promoted one-pot three-component reaction involving commercially available cyclopropyl ketones, aldehydes, and secondary amines followed by base treatment is described.

This article analyses the evolution of public support for the single European currency, the euro, from 1990 to 2014 for a 12-country sample of the euro area (EA-12), focusing on the most recent period of the financial and sovereign debt crisis, starting in 2008. We find that citizens’ support for the euro on average was marginally reduced during the first six years of the crisis, and that support

Starting from next year the technical feasibility of a direct seeding scheme at 30 and 13 nm will be studied at the Free-electron LASer in Hamburg (FLASH). During a major shutdown the SASE-FEL facility will be upgraded and it is planned to install in addition a high-harmonic generation (HHG) seed laser, a new chain of 10 m variable gap un-dulators and a dedicated commissioning beamline for photon