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A grant back obligation refers to the obligation for a licensee to assign or license future developed improvements to a licensor. Grant back clauses affect on competition has been a controversial subject in economic and legal doctrine. The study answers if the changed approach in the European Union towards the separation of severable and nonseverable improvements in relation to grant back clauses
The purpose of this study is to examine whether an acquiring firm that operates as a contractor within the defence sector can expect to generate shareholder value from a merger and acquisition with a fellow defence sector competitor. Having selected thirty acquiring defence firms an event study utilizing the market model is performed to obtain the abnormal returns generated from a merger and acqui
The debt equity bias refers to the discrimination between debt and equity finance. This discrimination is problematic since it distorts companies’ decisions and increases systemic risk. The European Commission has recommended Sweden to eliminate or reduce the bias and the Swedish Ministry of Finance has gathered a committee to investigate possible solutions. Sørensen (2010) suggested that Sweden w
Intranasal drug delivery is a practical and accessible method for treating localized symptoms as well as achieving systemic drug absorption. The approach takes advantage of the permeability, vascularization, and limited enzymatic activity of nasal tissue, leading to enhanced drug absorption. Moreover, drugs can bypass the blood-brain barrier and directly reach the brain through the olfactory route
This analytical essay critically examines how social sustainability is constructed within Lund’s municipality district development program for Norra Fäladen. The existing research widely acknowledges that sustainable development and social sustainability are characterized by conceptual ambiguity and a lack of consensus regarding definition and measurement. Despite this, they are leading concepts f
Switzerland's current food system is unsustainable and responsible for 25% of the country's environmental footprint. Half of the greenhouse gas emissions from the Swiss food system are caused by meat and dairy consumption. Reducing Switzerland's GHG emissions from the food system requires an orchestrated approach, targeting amended consumption and production patterns. A primary change
Classical music institutions are confronting declining attendance among younger and diverse audiences, fearing an aging visitor demographic. The LUDICH Project at Lund University, in collaboration with several industry partners, academic institutions, the Malmö Symphony Orchestra and their home concert hall of Malmö Live aims to address this challenge by investigating innovative digital solutions
The consumption of plant-based, food alternatives is increasing globally. Yet, the digestion of plant proteins is hindered by various antinutritional and external factors. Therefore, delving into the extent of plant protein digestibility in the human body becomes essential, alongside efforts to enhance this process. The main aim of this present work was to determine the digestibility of plant-base
The unique perspective offered by unoccupied aerial systems (UASs) has great potential for enhancing emergency and disaster response (EDR). Through a scoping exercise of research around the use of UASs for situational awareness and interviews with practitioners, this paper assesses the current benefits offered by UASs for situational awareness in EDR and identifies and discusses four areas of cons
Based on the Spain’s annual and quarterly time series from 1980 to 2020, this paper presents the first case study on the dynamic effects of fiscal consolidation episodes on income distribution and the mechanisms driving the specific dynamics of the distribution. By estimating impulse response functions via Local Projections by Jordà (2005), I find supportive evidence of the increase in income ineq
The aim of this empirical study was to find out which characteristics, behaviors, and drives high-performing women have in common in order to illuminate why they have become successful in their work. The aim also included getting insights into some of the challenges that these women meet. Participants were fifteen high-performing women who work in business and academia in Sweden. Semi-structured,
Sub Saharan African (SSA) countries are facing severe economic challenges such as high trade costs, poor trade performance and low growth levels. As a result development assistance is needed to overcome these difficulties. SSA countries receive the highest share of Aid for Trade (AfT) and therefore it is important to assess the effects of AfT. This study investigates the trade effect of AfT on tra
This thesis discusses a rather contentious issue of how copyright law possesses musical works nowadays. It is essentially argued in the thesis that current copyright law appears to be too restrictive, leaving not enough space for creativity in the musical world. In this regard, the issue related to musical works are mainly analysed through the prism of the idea-expression dichotomy. One of the gen
In adaptive deep brain stimulation, a treatment for motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease, the target of the stimulus is usually in the sub-thalamic nucleus or the globus pallidus. In this thesis, a new stimulus target called reticular thalamus is investigated in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease. The responses to the stimulus were recorded from both local field potentials and action potentials f
Streptomyces species are filamentous bacteria from the phylum Actinobacteria in which cell elongation occurs at the poles of the cell. This differs from many other bacteria like Escherichia coli where cell elongation occurs by insertion of peptidoglycan in the lateral wall. An essential protein for polar growth in Streptomyces is the coil-coiled protein DivIVA. DivIVA has an essential role in orch
Background/purpose Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is an MRI-based post processing technique to evaluate the magnetic susceptibility, χ, of human tissue using phase data. While brain imaging has been the most common application, other areas have also raised interest. For example, QSM of the articular cartilage of the knee has been suggested as a means to study the degeneration of this ti
In 2021, the Icelandic government stated that Iceland will implement an energy transition plan with the goal of becoming a 100% carbon neutral and fossil free nation by 2040, furthermore, that a doubling in renewable energy production was needed to reach that goal. This led to an upsurge of a discourse among stakeholders and concerned citizens about the future of Iceland. This thesis is an attempt
Congential dyserythropoietic anemia, type III (CDA III) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by macrocytic anemia, bone marrow erythroid hyperplasia and giant multlnucleate erythroblasts. We have genetically characterized a large Swedish family in which the concurrence of CDA III and myeloma or benign monoclonal gammopathy is significantly higher than expected and have found that th
An asymptomatic Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is often closed at the age of 3–5 years using a transcatheter or surgical technique. Symptomatic ASD or ASD associated with pulmonary hypertension (PHT) may require earlier closure, particularly in combination with other non-cardiac risk factors for PHT, but the indications for early closure and the potential risk for complications are largely unknown. Th
This paper examines how Palestinian men and women are affected by poverty related to violent conflict. By acknowledging socio-cultural understandings of gender relations, it shows how men and women become vulnerable in different ways. To counter poverty, both women and men are dependent on viable social networks. It is however clear, that females, especially those in female-headed households, have
