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Many animals have been shown to use the pattern of polarized light in the sky as an optical compass. Specialised photoreceptors are used to analyse this pattern. We here present evidence for an eye design suitable for polarized skylight navigation in the flightless desert scarab Pachysoma striatum. Morphological and electrophysiological studies show that an extensive part of the dorsal eye is equi
Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) have gained significant attention in recent years as a rapidly growing form of crypto assets with unique characteristics. However, existing tax regulations have struggled to keep up with these developments. This thesis addresses the taxation of NFTs within the European Union (EU) and highlights the legal gap in their treatment, given their exclusion from the Markets in C
The e-commerce sector in the modern, digital age is an increasingly important component of the global economy. For the European union, coping with this emerging market has meant regulatory challenges in several legislative areas, not least in the field of taxation. One of the most recent initiatives in removing obstacles for the e-commerce is the so-called VAT e-commerce package. The VAT e-commer
The efficiency of retail organizations has been improved with the help of internet technology, using big data, cloud computing, and other technologies to upgrade the supply chain, marketing, and logistics of goods and other models. Among these areas, intelligent logistics has played a significant role in the development of retail organizations. This article studies the benefits and challenges of t
The number of people seeking help for mental illness is increasing across all ages, creating a major burden for individuals, families, and the society. While personalized medicine is advancing in other fields, diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders remain largely symptom-based and fail to capture individual, sex, and gender differences in risk, manifestation, and treatment response. Early sig
The notion of corporate violations of human rights is gaining ground. Using an inductive method, this report explores the level of responsibility of multinational enterprise for violations of human rights law committed by business partners and affiliates, i.e. the ''imputability''. The topic is important as the ability to reconstruct the organizational structure provides corporate
Following the Bosman verdict from the ECJ in 1995, FIFA, the governing body of football, had to change its rules for the status and transfer of players to bring them in line with EC law. With the threat of an outright prohibition decision against the international transfer system under the EC Competition rules, FIFA reached an agreement with the Commission, in March 2001, on the principles for the
Contemporary institutions engaged in extending micro-loans do not usually grant such loans to the poor due to the latters’ inability to provide appropriate collateral and their insufficient creditworthiness. In modern times the Dutch East-India Company created a financial instrument called the “transportbrief” which enabled poor employees of the Company to obtain loans on the financial market. The
We have previously identified a locus on mouse chromosome 15 (eae2) that regulates susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in a cross between the susceptible strain B10.RIII and the resistant strain RIIIS/J. In an effort to verify the protective effect from having two RIIIS/J alleles at eae2, the resistant locus was bred into the susceptible strain in homozygous form. However,
Recently, we showed that 10.2% of consecutively patch-tested hand eczema patients had a positive patch test to a selection of fragrances containing fragrances relevant to hand exposure. In this study, we used repeated skin exposure to a patch test-positive fragrance allergen in patients previously diagnosed with hand eczema to explore whether immersion of fingers in a solution with or without the
Measurements of the yield and nuclear modification factor, RAA, for inclusive jet production are performed using 0.49 nb−1 of Pb+Pb data at sNN=5.02TeV and 25 pb−1 of Pb+Pb data at s=5.02TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Jets are reconstructed with the anti-kt algorithm with radius parameter R=0.4 and are measured over the transverse momentum range of 40–1000 GeV in six rapidity intervals co
Chemogenetics is the process of genetically expressing a macromolecule receptor capable of modulating the activity of the cell in response to selective chemical ligand. This chapter will cover the chemogenetic technologies that are available to date, focusing on the commonly available engineered or otherwise modified ligand-gated ion channels and G-protein-coupled receptors in the context of neuro
Improving urban liveability and prosperity is commonly set as a priority in urban development plans and policy around the world. Several annual reports produced by international consulting firms, media, and global agencies rank the liveability of cities based on a set of indicators, to represent the quality of life in these cities. The higher is the ranking, the more liveable is the city. In this
