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The purpose of this thesis is to criticize the Commission's approach to the application of Article 82 to the exclusionary abuses of the dominant firms. It is a very interesting and hot topic as the attitude of the Commission and the European Courts have many implications on the consumer welfare and total efficiency in common market and innovation capacity and the economic development of the Eu
The purpose of this thesis is to criticize the Commission’s approach to the application of Article 82 to the exclusionary abuses of the dominant firms. It is a very interesting and hot topic as the attitude of the Commission and the European Courts have many implications on the consumer welfare and total efficiency in common market and innovation capacity and the economic development of the Europe
Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative joint disease, and a rapidly growing cause of musculoskeletal disability, chronic pain, and reduced quality of life in an ageing European population. Our aims are to gain novel insights into osteoarthritis - its etiology, occurrence, natural history, treatments, prediction, disease monitoring, and disease burden - to allow for better care, decision making,
The relationship between a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) and a government can be unpredictable, which could complicate the NGO’s operations in a resource dependent environment. If a government decides to abruptly cut its official development assistance allocation towards the civil society; does that not only reflect the government’s new development policy but it might also jeopardize the con
Usually the mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) are derived via Hamming windowed DFT spectrum. In this paper, we advocate to use a so-called multitaper method instead. Multitaper methods form a spectrum estimate using multiple window functions and frequency-domain averaging. Multitapers provide a robust spectrum estimate but have not received much attention in speech processing. Our speake
The European Single Market is built on a patchwork of contract laws and according to the European Commission’s findings differences between contract laws of the respective Member States substantially complicate cross-border trade. More specifically, the fragmentation of contract laws contributes to increasing legal complexity and costs for businesses while lowering consumers’ confidence in shoppin
Politicians and public relations practitioners need to consciously and strategically communicate on Twitter not only during elections, but also during incumbency. However; previous approaches to PR failed to offer candidates successful long-term strategies. In addition, political PR research underestimated the influence of the characteristics of Twitter on the tone and the rhetoric of political co
Oncogenic c-Kit mutations have been shown to display ligand-independent receptor activation and cell proliferation. A substitution of aspartate to valine at amino acid 816 (D816V) is one of the most commonly found oncogenic c-Kit mutations and is found in >90% of cases of mastocytosis and less commonly in germ-cell tumors, core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia and mucosal melanomas. The mecha
During mammalian ocular development, several signaling pathways control the spatiotemporal highly defined realization of the three-dimensional eye architecture. Given the complexity of these inductive signals, the developing eye is a sensitive organ for several diseases. In this study, we investigated a Dkk1+/- haploinsufficiency during eye development, resulting in coloboma and anterior eye defec
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible role of FCGR2A 519A>G and FCGR3A 559A>C functional polymorphisms in the genetic predisposition to susceptibility to systemic sclerosis (SSc) or clinical phenotype. METHODS: A total of 1566 patients with SSc and 2271 geographically matched controls were included in our study. We analyzed the genotype and allele frequencies of the FCGR2A 519A>G and FCGR3A 559A>
The paper is based on a study of hunting tourism enterprising in Sweden. The study examines how hunting tourism businesses in Sweden navigate in a complex social, economic and moral environment. The aim of the present paper is to identify how tensions between a market- oriented value sphere and a value sphere based on friendship- and community reciprocity are played out in hunting tourism entrepre
The aim of this study was to evaluate the understanding of the term central terminal (CT) and to consider the consequences of this level of understanding. A total of 150 questionnaires was distributed during the 30th International Congress of Electrocardiology 2003, Helsinki, Finland; 42 (28%) of the anonymous questionnaires returned were considered adequate for the purpose of this study. The ques
Obesity is an established independent risk factor for developing hypertension. A recent study showed that the effect of obesity on hypertension varies by the elevation of the residence area. Thus, we hypothesized that the interaction effect of body mass index (BMI) and elevation has a significant association with hypertension. The first aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine whether BMI
Human L68Q cystatin C is one of the known human amyloidogenic proteins. In its native state it is a monomer with alpha/beta structure. Experimental evidence suggests that L68Q variant associates into dimeric intermediates and that the dimers subsequently self-assemble to form amyloid deposits and insoluble fibrils. Details of the pathway of L68Q mutant amyloid formation are unclear; however, diffe
Is the decline of the increasing incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in Sweden and other countries a result of cancer preventive measures? The yearly age-standardized incidence of NHL increased significantly in Sweden during 1971-1990, for men an average of 3.2% and for women 3.1%. The corresponding figures for 1991-2000 were -0.8% and -0.2%, respectively. A decline of the increasing incidence
