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Background Patch test reactivity to nickel varies over time. To what extent this variation is associated with fluctuations in the T-cell reactivity to nickel is not known. Objectives Our aim was to investigate the relationship between variation over time in the patch test and the systemic T-cell reactivity to nickel. Methods Patients (n = 15) with a history of contact allergy to nickel were subjec
Numerous post-conflict states in contemporary Africa are run by individuals who derive their origins from rebellion. Some take over or even improve existing state structures when seizing power, whereas others contribute to the fragmentation of the state. By comparing four insurgent movements that have managed to wrest state power; the NRA, the EPLF, the NPFL, and the USC, this study finds that soc
According to international treaty law as well as international customary law, threats of (armed) force are considered as one of the gravest violations of international law. Yet, threats of force frequently occur in international relations, often lacking condemnation by the international community. There are a number of reasons to why threats of force are sometimes passed by unconsidered by the int
Objectives: To study the agreement between clinical axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) diagnoses and fulfilment of the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) axSpA and modified New York (mNY) classification criteria, and to compare disease/health status between axSpA subtypes. Method: Patients with prevalent, clinical axSpA attending a rheumatology clinic were enrolled in a cros
Social and physical activities can improve sleep in older people. However, living in a residential care facility has been associated with a limited potential for activities and increased inactivity, reflected in poor sleep among residents. In turn, poor sleep can impair physical and mental functions. This paper explores sleep habits and everyday activities at three residential care facilities and
The school segregation has been growing in the Swedish schooling system in the recent years, where pupils with different backgrounds to a lower extent meet each other in the schooling system. At the same time the differences in results between schools, and the relationship between family background and pupils’ school results is increasing. This has spurred a political will to act on the growing sc
Watching the Olympic and Paralympics Games, we notice that both men and women achieve world-class performances. We see the world’s best sports stars perform extraordinary athletic feats, regardless of who they are or where they come from. This equity was not always present at this world stage. For instance, until 1984, women were prohibited from running marathons during the Olympic Games.1 It may
In the practice of modern international law, if a certain understanding is advanced as the correct interpretation of a treaty provision, the proposition is assessed using the rules of interpretation laid down in the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, Articles 31–33. This article is concerned with the relationship held in such an interpretation process between the preparatory work of a
Perceptions of human-Nature relations (HNRs) have been long theorised to be one of the factors causing global warming and environmental degradation. While individuals in Western societies have been increasingly recognising intrinsic values in Nature, ‘Mastery over Nature’, considered as prompting harmful interactions with Nature, is still prevalent at the social level. Social movements, such as De
Detta examensarbete behandlar olika aspekter av internationell investeringsrätt. Bilaterala eller regionala investeringsavtal tillsammans med internationell sedvanerätt reglerar mestadels rättsområdet. Sedvanerätten är inte harmoniserad på området vilket gör den osäker för investerare. För att främja investeringar och göra investeringar säkrare började länder förhandla bilaterala investeringsavtalThis thesis deals with various aspects of international investment law. Bilateral or regional investment treaties together with international customary law mostly govern international investment law. The area of customary law is not harmonized leaving it uncertain and unsafe for investors. Countries therefore started to negotiate bilateral investment treaties, BITs, in the late 1950´s as a way of
HAMLET (human -lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells) is a complex of human -lactalbumin and oleic acid (C18:1:9 cis) that kills tumor cells by an apoptosis-like mechanism. Previous studies have shown that a conformational change is required to form HAMLET from -lactalbumin, and that a partially unfolded conformation is maintained in the HAMLET complex. This study examined if unfolding of -lactal
A trend, which can be noted in the field of cash handling, is the increase of ATMs that are able to recirculate banknotes. Cash recycling means that notes deposited by one customer are then available for withdrawal by another from the same machine. Cash recycling has both economic advantages and reduces environment impact, as transport to machines for filling and emptying them can be decreased. Wh
Macrophages have been shown to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis through the action of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin (CAMP), whose expression was shown to be induced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3). Here, we investigated in detail the antimycobacterial effect of murine and human cathelicidin against Mycobacterium smegmatis and M. bovis BCG infections. We have synthesized novel LL-37 pe
