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While Bayesian Optimization (BO) is a very popular method for optimizing expensive black-box functions, it fails to leverage the experience of domain experts. This causes BO to waste function evaluations on bad design choices (e.g., machine learning hyperparameters) that the expert already knows to work poorly. To address this issue, we introduce Bayesian Optimization with a Prior for the Optimum
The learning curve during repetitive production and the associated forgetting during production breaks are fundamental issues in the understanding of behavior. A model is suggested that combines 3 basic findings, namely, that single memory traces decay according to a power function of the retention interval, that aggregated memory traces can be combined by integration, and that the time to produce
Pythia8 is the only general purpose event generator able to produce complete fully exclusive hadronic final states in collisions involving heavy ions. The model that allows this is called Angantyr and will be discussed in this contribution. The contribution also discusses models based on interactions between strings in an extention of the Lund model that are able to describe some collective effect
We investigate stability issues for steady states of the spherically symmetric Einstein-Vlasov system numerically in Schwarzschild, maximal areal, and Eddington-Finkelstein coordinates. Across all coordinate systems we confirm the conjecture that the first binding energy maximum along a one-parameter family of steady states signals the onset of instability. Beyond this maximum perturbed solutions
Entropy production is a key concept of thermodynamics and allows one to analyze the operation of engines. For the Scovil-Schulz-DuBois heat engine, the archetypal three-level thermal maser coupled to thermal baths, it was argued that the common definition of heat flow may provide negative entropy production for certain parameters [Boukobza and Tannor, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 240601 (2007)PRLTAO0031-9
Computational social sciences (CSS) refer to computer-enabled investigations of human behaviour and social interaction. They include three main components - (i) computational modelling and social simulation, (ii) the analysis of digital traces of online interactions, (iii) virtual labs and online experiments - and allow researchers to perform studies that were even hard to imagine a few decades ag
The matched window reassigned spectrogram relocates all signal energy of an oscillating transient to the time- and frequency locations, resulting in a sharp peak in the time-frequency plane. However, previous research has shown that the method may result in split energy peaks for close components and in high noise levels, and the peak energy is then erroneously estimated. With use of novel knowled
Sweden is often seen as a frontrunner when it comes to sustainability. For example, it has the highest share of renewable energy in the EU and is known for its thorough recycling and waste separation. Sweden is sparsely populated and 70% of its land area is covered by forests. Over the last century, the volume of yearly timber harvests has doubled, but despite this remarkable productivity increase
Cancer results from a sequence of genetic and epigenetic changes that lead to a variety of abnormal phenotypes including increased proliferation and survival of somatic cells and thus to a selective advantage of precancerous cells. The notion of cancer progression as an evolutionary process has been attracting increasing interest in recent years. A great deal of effort has been made to better unde
While traditional forms of urban planning are oriented towards the future, the recent turn towards experimental and challenge-led urban developments is characterized by an overarching presentism. We explore in this article how an experimental approach to urban planning can consider the long-term through setting-up ‘conversations with a future situation.’ In doing so, we draw on a unique experiment
Decision and Value of Information analyses can be highly computational demanding due to the exponential growth of the decision tree in dependency of the state and decision variables. Due to the advancement of computational methods in the last decades, decision problems with moderate complexity maybe solved by a software tool whereas highly complex analyses require tailored approaches, algorithms a
Public procurement accounts for a very large share of most economies worldwide. This conceptual article argues that the key to achieving more innovations when pursuing public procurement is to describe problems to be solved or functions to be fulfilled (functional procurement) instead of describing the products to be bought (product procurement). Contracting authorities need to identify the proble
The European Spallation Source Neutrino Super Beam (ESSνSB) project aims at a discovery of leptonic CP violation with a precise measurement of the CP phase angle. ESSνSB is characterized by an intense neutrino beam to be produced at ESS by a 5-MW proton beam, and the placement of the far detector at the second oscillation maximum. The aims of the near detector for ESSνSB are neutrino flux and inte
The conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh has put the Islamic regime of Iran in a difficult position. While the government is trying to be neutral, other regime elements have openly taken sides in the conflict.
FLASH radiotherapy is a novel technique that has been shown in numerous preclinical in vivo studies to have the potential to be the next important improvement in cancer treatment. However, the biological mechanisms responsible for the selective FLASH sparing effect of normal tissues are not yet known. An optimal translation of FLASH radiotherapy into the clinic would require a good understanding o
This paper addresses the topic of site characterization for the design of Shallow Geothermal Energy (SGE) systems, namely of thermoactive geostructures, which are geotechnical structures, such as piles, retaining walls and tunnel linings, also used as heat exchangers as part of closed-loop SGE systems. Such solutions, being increasingly adopted for buildings’ and infrastructures’ heating and/or co
The human amygdala is involved in processing of memory, decision-making, and emotional responses. Previous studies suggested that the amygdala may represent a neurogenic niche in mammals. By combining two distinct methodological approaches, lipofuscin quantification and 14C-based retrospective birth dating of neurons, along with mathematical modelling, we here explored whether postnatal neurogenes
