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BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent and causes serious health complications in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). Early diagnosis of NAFLD is important, as this can help prevent irreversible damage to the liver and, ultimately, hepatocellular carcinomas. We sought to expand etiological understanding and develop a diagnostic tool for NAFLD usin

Background The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) creatinine equation is routinely used to assess renal function but exhibits varying accuracy depending on patient characteristics and clinical presentation. The overall aim of the present study was to assess if and to what extent glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation based on creatinine can be improved.MethodsIn a cro

Safe languages like Java provide a much more programmerfriendly environment than the low-level languages in which real-time and embedded software have traditionally been implemented. However, an obstacle for widespread use of Java in control applications has been the predictability and real-time performance of garbage collection, and the cumbersome memory management associated with RTSJ NoHeapReal

Time-series of NASA/NOAA Pathfinder AVHRR Land (PAL) data have been analysed to extract parameters describing the seasonality of vegetation in Africa. Two methods have been developed to fit smooth curves to the time-series. The first method is based on an adaptive Savitzky-Golay filtering technique, and the second on non-linear least-squares fits of asymmetric Gaussian model functions. Both proces

Particle induced oxidative stress is a probable pathway for many of the detrimental health-effects caused by particulate matter (PM). Recent studies on the exposure to oxidative potential (OP) in ambient fine and coarse PM suggest that anthropogenic particle pollutants, especially vehicular wear, anthropogenic primary and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) are more toxic on mass basis and more relev

Ferroelectricity in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) originates from a polymorphic landscape where the metastable orthorhombic phase competes with monoclinic and tetragonal forms, making functional properties highly sensitive to structural instability. Recent strategies have exploited ionic-vacancy mechanisms, either through redox interactions with the environment or by employing ferroionic heterostructures, to

The PRIMARY score was implemented in Prostate Cancer Molecular Imaging Standardized Evaluation (PROMISE) version 2 to improve accuracy for the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer using prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET). We reviewed overall survival (OS) for patients who underwent PSMA PET for initial staging to evaluate the prognostic valu

AIMS: The COVID-19 pandemic had substantial impacts on mortality and morbidity, even after the rollout of vaccinations. These impacts however, varied considerably across regions. We examined regional disparities in COVID-19 mortality and hospitalizations among older people in Sweden from January 2021 to August 2023 and assessed the role of vaccination coverage in shaping these disparities.METHODS:

Non-exhaust emissions from the wear of brakes, tyres, and roads have become an increasing concern in recent years, already surpassing exhaust emissions by mass in many countries. However, there is a lack of studies in the scientific literature on test methods that include both real tyre and road materials. This is crucial for accurately replicating the tribological mechanisms and resulting emissio

afe and optimized utilization of waste-to-energy (WtE) fly ash (FA) requires a detailed understanding of the physicochemical properties of its metal constituents. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the chemical form of Zn in fine (<1 μm) and coarse (>1 μm) FA particles, hypothesized to originate from different formation mechanisms. Size-selective aerosol sampling was performed during

Studies of the surface chemistry of the first few cycles of atomic layer deposition (ALD) using in situ and time-resolved operando techniques are attractive for realizing, understanding, and obtaining true mechanistic information during the deposition. However, the latter techniques are yet to be applied to ALD of metal nitrides. Here, we present a surface-chemistry investigation through a time-re

X-rays are commonly used in imaging experiments due to their penetration power, which enables non-destructive resolution of internal structures in samples that are opaque to visible light. Time-resolved X-ray tomography is the state-of-the-art method for obtaining volumetric 4D (3D + time) information by rotating the sample and acquiring projections from different angular viewpoints over time. Thi

Feedbacks from the climate to other components of the coupled human-Earth system are expected to strongly influence the co-evolution of human society and its environment. Representing these feedback loops between climate and society, via the Earth system's response to human activities and the subsequent effect back onto social systems, is essential in order to fully explore the dynamics of the cou

Time- and Angle-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy (tr-ARPES) is employed to monitor photoexcited electrons in the 2D hybrid perovskite (BA) (Formula presented.) (MA) (Formula presented.) (Formula presented.) (Formula presented.). Photoelectron intensity maps are in good agreement with ab-initio calculations of the band structure. The effective mass is (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.

Multi-beam ptychography (MBP) offers a scalable solution to improve the throughput of state-of-the-art ptychography by increasing the number of coherent beams that illuminate the sample simultaneously. However, increasing the number of beams in ptychography makes ptychographical reconstructions more challenging and less robust. It has been demonstrated that MBP reconstructions can be made more rob

Background: Prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PSMA PET/CT) enables sensitive detection and staging of prostate cancer, yet its relationship with long-term survival remains unclear. This study aimed to assess whether total lesion volume (TLV) measured on [18F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT predicts overall survival (OS) in prostate cancer patients. Methods: A co

Around one-fourth of the global population lacks access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking, most of them living in low- and middle-income countries. Reliance on rudimentary and inefficient biomass cookstoves results in high pollutant concentrations that adversely affect the health of those exposed to indoor air pollution, the environment, and the climate. In this study, we systematically

ObjectivesProstate volume (PV) in combination with prostate specific antigen (PSA) yields PSA density which is an increasingly important biomarker. Calculating PV from MRI is a time-consuming, radiologist-dependent task. The aim of this study was to assess whether a deep learning algorithm can replace PI-RADS 2.1 based ellipsoid formula (EF) for calculating PV.MethodsEight different measures of PV