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Genome wide association studies (GWAS) for fasting glucose (FG) and insulin (FI) have identified common variant signals which explain 4.8% and 1.2% of trait variance, respectively. It is hypothesized that low-frequency and rare variants could contribute substantially to unexplained genetic variance. To test this, we analyzed exome-array data from up to 33,231 non-diabetic individuals of European a
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a Parkinson's Disease (PD)-like alpha-synucleinopathy clinically characterized by dysautonomia, parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and pyramidal signs in any combination. We aimed to determine whether the clinical presentation of MSA as well as diagnostic and therapeutic strategies differ across Europe and Israel. In 19 European MSA Study Group centres all consecutiv
Background: The etiology of male breast cancer is poorly understood, partly due to its relative rarity. Although tobacco and alcohol exposures are known carcinogens, their association with male breast cancer risk remains ill-defined. Methods: The Male Breast Cancer Pooling Project consortium provided 2,378 cases and 51,959 controls for analysis from 10 case-control and 10 cohort studies. Individua
We addressed the question of whether the autophagy pathway occurs in human peripheral nerves and whether this pathway is associated with peripheral neuropathy in diabetes mellitus. By using electron microscopy, we evaluated the presence of autophagy-related structures and neuropathy in the posterior interosseous nerve of patients who had undergone carpal tunnel release and had type 1 or type 2 dia
To explore coping with the perceived psychosocial consequences of a false-positive screening mammography.
Apoptotic nucleosomes are structurally and immunologically involved in lupus nephritis. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression and function of laminins and their interactions with nucleosomes in the kidneys of patients with lupus nephritis, using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis.
Apart from glucose, proteins and lipids also stimulate incretin and islet hormone secretion. However, the glucoregulatory effect of macronutrients in combination is poorly understood. We therefore developed an oral mixed meal model in mice to 1) explore the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and islet hormone responses to mixed meal versus isocaloric glucose, and 2) characterize the relative contribu
Objective. Recent evidence suggests that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow (BM) are located in areas where the environment is hypoxic. Although previous studies have demonstrated positive effects by hypoxia, its role in HSC maintenance has not been fully elucidated, neither has the molecular mechanisms been delineated. Here, we have investigated the consequence of in vitro incubat
Objectives: Microparticles (MP) are small membrane vesicles, released from activated, damaged and apoptotic endothelial cells (EMP) or platelets (PMP) that may actively modulate inflammation, coagulation and vascular function. We tested the hypothesis that the number of circulating EMP or PMP in acute myocardial infarction correlates with the myocardium at risk (MaR) and infarct size (IS). Methods
Dinoflagellates belonging to the genus Gambierdiscus are the causative agent of ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP). This syndrome, which is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, has recently been reported also in temperate latitudes. Taxonomic studies of Gambierdiscus have yet to completely couple the morphological features of member species with their genetics. In this study, the cellular a
In their comment piece, van Basshuysen and Brandstedt raise three main issues: first, whether population at the global scale, or individual family planning decisions, are relevant for climate change mitigation; second, they offer useful critiques of the methodologies to attribute greenhouse gas emissions for the choice to have a child; and third, they question the appropriate ethical responsibilit
The complexity and scales of the processes that shape communities of marine benthic macroinvertebrates has limited our understanding of their assembly mechanisms and the potential to make projections of their spatial and temporal dynamics. Individual-based models can shed light on community assembly mechanisms, by allowing observed spatiotemporal patterns to emerge from first principles about the
Background: Hip fractures are described to have a significant impact on patients' well-being and different fast-track concepts could result in a reduction of the patient's psychological and emotional reactions before pre- and intrahospital care. Aims and objectives: This study aimed to elucidate perceived situations of significance experienced by patients with hip fracture during the prehospital-
The 16th ERS Lung Science Conference (LSC) took place on March 8–11, 2018, in Estoril, Portugal, with around 200 delegates from all over the world. This year’s topic was “Cell-matrix interactions in lung disease and regeneration” and involved excellent presentations by leading experts in the field covering everything from exploratory studies on how the matrix functions, matrix remodelling and biom
The adrenal-derived hormones dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate (DHEAS) are the most abundant circulating hormones and their levels decline substantially with age. Many of the actions of DHEAS are considered to be mediated through metabolism into androgens and estrogens in peripheral target tissues. The predictive value of serum DHEA and DHEAS for the likelihood of falling is unknown. T
Glatiramer acetate (GA) is used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and can suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in animals. Effective GA treatment is associated with the induction of anti-inflammatory T(H)2 responses and antigen-specific expansion of CD25(+)/Foxp3(+) Tregs through the modulation of antigen-presenting cells. Here, we show that intravenous
Objectives: The authors sought to compare reclassification of treatment strategy following instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) and fractional flow reserve (FFR). Background: iFR was noninferior to FFR in 2 large randomized controlled trials in guiding coronary revascularization. Reclassification of treatment strategy by FFR is well-studied, but similar reports on iFR are lacking. Methods: The iFR-
OBJECTIVE: Arterial ageing is characterized by increasing arterial stiffness as measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV). This process is enhanced in participants with early vascular ageing (EVA), but slowed in participants with healthy vascular ageing (HVA). We aimed to describe characteristics of EVA and HVA in a transcontinental study including 11 cohorts.METHODS: In all, 18 490 participants from
