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The purpose of this study is to explore the role of brand management, specifically the user-brand relationship in online brand communities for innovation purposes by conceptualizing brand requirements which can be derived from users’ perceptions and expectations. Hereby the authors apply the Social Exchange Theory which helps to understand what a brand needs and how a brand can support innovation
The aim of this study is to understand how crowdsourcing campaigns in an online environment can change brand perceptions and behavioral intentions of non-participating customers. Therefore, the thesis connects two major concepts. First the phenomenon of crowdsourcing will be discussed with emphasis an emphasis on its use in marketing. Then crowdsourcing will be lined to the theoretical concept of
It has been widely reported that coastal erosion causes problems worldwide. In order to solve these problems, breakwaters have been constructed in such regions. However, it is also a fact that breakwaters adversely affect the environment and scenery. To be able to prevent coastal erosion, while still preserving the environment and the view, submerged breakwaters have been introduced. However, subm
The purpose of this qualitative study was to add to the understanding on how structural elements of gender shape identity and agency of Syrian adolescence girls in the current displacement situation in Lebanon. The thesis was primary based on findings from interviews and focus groups with Syrian displaced girls in the age of 14 enrolled in a school in the region of Bekaa, east of Lebanon. The theo
Grounded in the discipline of climate politics, this theory-developing study (based on the work of Ben Anderson (2010)) is a first attempt towards expanding his analysis of future-creation in liberal countries to also include an authoritarian state. This is done by roughly sketching out the ways in which the Syrian al-Assad regime talks about futures related to anthropogenic global warming and/or
In 2011, China’s urban population surpassed its rural population for the first time in the history when it reached 690 million. The massive urbanization has resulted in a booming of urban housing and infrastructure. Consequently, crowded infrastructure systems burdened by an increasing urban population and severe environmental problems like air pollution have become the main challenges for Chinese
Climate change poses a current and ongoing threat to urban areas worldwide. Rising sea levels and the increased occurrence of heatwaves, heavy rainfall and related impacts due to erosion and landslides in particular are risks that are becoming increasingly urgent to address in the near future. Though Sweden is seen as a pioneer in sustainable city development, climate change adaptation is a relati
Existing economic literature demonstrates that gender-oriented conditional cash transfer programs modify women’s economic opportunities and consequently, their power status within their households. Nonetheless, these studies are not conclusive in determining whether or not this improved position of power has the potential to significantly alter the chances of women to suffer from intimate partner
Direct tax harmonisation in the EU is the next and perhaps the last step towards complete economic integration after the creation of Economic and Monetary Union. However, because of political sensitivity of taxation only indirect taxes are harmonised in the EU, while direct tax competition between Member States stays. Countries are still free to introduce various tax incentives in order to attract
Sammanfattning Titel: Kvalitet i marknadsorienterad produktutveckling – en jämförande studie av den svenska och den estniska livsmedelsindustrin Författare: Carin Cronström och Ylva Månsson Handledare: Prof. Björn Bergenståhl, Avdelningen för Livsmedelsteknologi, Lunds Universitet Prof. Magnus Lagnevik, Avdelningen för Företags ekonomi, Lunds Universitet Problem: Styrningen av marknadsorienterad p
The effect of general microwave hyperthermia and hepatic artery ligation (HAL) was tested on Wistar rats with a transplanted N‐methyl‐N‐nitroso‐guanidine‐induced adenocarcinoma in the liver. Total body hyperthermia (41.5°C for 1 hour, three times during 24 hours) was given on the same day as HAL, and 1, 2, and 3 days after. HAL induced a slower tumor growth than untreated controls. No additive eff
A protective coating is often used on the cladding of wooden facades to limit the absorption of moisture. Low wood moisture content (MC) is essential to obtain satisfactory durability performance. Wood density is known to influence the water sorption and crack formation of uncoated wood. However, the effect of density on the aforementioned behaviors of coated spruce is not yet fully understood. Si
Objective: We describe survival in patients with oligo- and non-secretory multiple myeloma (MM). We refer to the whole group as non-measurable MM and compare it with secretory MM. Methods: Oligo-secretory MM was defined as M protein in serum <10 g/L and M protein in urine <200 measured as mg/day, mg/liter or mg/mmol creatinine. If patients had no M protein, they were defined as non-secretory. The
Two dispenser types for pine sawfly (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) pheromones-glass capillaries and dental cotton rolls-are described, and release rates reported. Glass capillaries of different diameters were used in field tests to determine dose-response relationships of (2 S,3 S,7 S)-3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-yl acetate (diprionyl acetate), diprionyl propionate, and trans-perillenal on the trap catch
(Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene (Z3, Z6, Z9-19Hy) and (Z,Z)-3,9-cis-6,7-epoxy-nonadecadiene (Z3, Z9-cis-6,7-epo-19Hy) were identified in pheromone gland extracts from female Erannis defoliaria. The two components were found in a 1:3 ratio, with the main component, Z3, Z9-cis-6,7-epo-19Hy present at an amount of about 1.5 ng per female. The components were identified by means of gas chromatography-mas
Nickel-based superalloys are typical materials used in components of aeroengines and gas turbine machinery. The strength properties of these alloys at high temperatures are crucial not only to the performance (e.g., power generation efficiency, energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions) of aeroengines and industrial gas turbines, but also to machinability during component manufacturing. Thi
AbstractThe public expenditure shifts that took place following the discovery of diamonds and gold during the second half of the nineteenth century had far-reaching consequences for southern Africa’s development. Using new data for public expenditure and foreign debt in the Cape Colony and evidence from Cape parliamentary budget debates, we trace and explain the growth of the publicsector. We find
Purpose: Hunter Harrison, CEO of the railroad company CSX, died on December 16, 2017. Harrison, known as the railroad transformation guru, was a controversial person. While his transformations were applauded by investors, they were also subject to significant criticism. The author changes triggered service disruptions, customer complaints and federal scrutiny. The purpose of this paper is to condu
Ionotropic glutamate receptors are ligand-gated ion channels governing neurotransmission in the central nervous system. Three major types of antagonists are known for the AMPA-type receptor GluA2: competitive, non-competitive (i.e. negative allosteric modulators; NAMs) used for treatment of epilepsy, and uncompetitive antagonists. We here report a 4.65 Å resolution X-ray structure of GluA2, reveal
With every major change in the understanding of Practical Theology in Scandinavia, there was an increase in the production of handbooks for the discipline. In this article, we take a closer look at such handbooks from the last two increases in production, tracing a shift the discipline went through from the 1990s up until 2020. The aim of this article is threefold. Firstly, it describes a change
