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In this paper we trace the establishment of the graduate school in mathematics education in Sweden. To provide a useful context for this initia-tive we review briefly the evolution of the PhD, the development of doctoral degrees and doctoral programmes in mathematics departments in Sweden, as well as the growing popularity of graduate schools. Progress and pro-gramme issues encountered to date are
This report investigates replacing chloride salts with calcium magnesium acetate (CMA) for use as de-icers.
We show that it is possible to understand and interpret the complex and rich C-H stretch region in the vibrational spectrum of ethoxy adsorbed on W(110) in terms of fundamental C-H stretch modes in Fermi resonance with C-H deformation overtones and combinations. The mode assignment is based on calculated C-13 isotopic shifts for an ethoxy-Cu-5 cluster. The coupling constants have been derived from
The interaction of four poly(ethylene oxides), with molar masses of 1500, 3350, 10 000 and 100 000 g mol(-1) with sodium dodecylsulfate, at 15, 25, 35 and 65 degreesC was investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry. No significant change of the critical aggregation concentration values or of the amount of surfactant bound was observed within this temperature range. The profiles for the variat
La structure de la viande hachée évolue au cours de la cuisson, ce qui a une influence sur les transferts de chaleur et de matière. L'étude a porté sur la friture de steaks hachés de 10 mm d'épaisseur et de 3 à 10 cm de diamètre, provenant de 4 sortes de viande. La cuisson avait lieu entre deux plaques chauffées à 100, 150 ou 175 °C. Elle faisait passer le produit depuis l'état congelé à -20°C jus
Popular Abstract in Swedish Käkförsedda havsborstmaskar (polychaeter) var artrika och vanliga i de tidigpaleozoiska haven. Maskarnas käkar, benämda scolecodonter i den vetenskapliga litteraturen, är mycket vanliga mikrofossil i sedimentära bergarter, främst kalkstenar av denna ålder. Mycket pekar därför på att de ofta utgjorde en väsentlig del av bottenfaunan. Trots mångfalden av scolecodonter harJawed polychaete annelid worms were abundant and diverse in the early Palaeozoic seas and their jaws (scolecodonts) are common microfossils in sedimentary rocks of that age. Despite their abundance, relatively little work has been focused on these fossils. One reason for this is that their taxonomy has been, and to some extent still is, in a state of disorder, mainly because of a parataxonomic tre
Objective.. To describe the diversity in dietary patterns existing across centres/regions participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Design and setting.. Single 24-hour dietary recall measurements were obtained by means of standardised face-to-face interviews using the EPIC-SOFT software. These have been used to present a graphic multi-dimensional com
The mechanism for hydrogenation of dimethylmaleate in water using cationic rhodium complexes with water-soluble bi-dentate phosphines has been investigated using kinetics and a novel method for the indirect detection of intermediates in catalytic hydrogenation reactions, whereby a late intermediate was detected. A mechanism is proposed involving fast, irreversible substrate binding followed by a r
Background: Functional polymorphisms of the solute carrier family 22, member 4 (SLC22A4), runt related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) and small ubiquitin- like modifier 4 (SUMO4) genes have been shown to be associated with several autoimmune diseases. Objective: To test the possible role of these variants in susceptibility to or severity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), on the basis that com
Telephone service in Argentina has since its beginning been characterized as one of the most developed in South America. Regarding its development, two distinct periods can be identified. An initial period of private ownership extended from 1878 to 1946. In 1946, when the largest telephone company was bought by the state, a period of predominant state-ownership began that lasted until 1990 when th
The relationship between defensive strategies as measured by the Meta-Contrast Technique (MCT) and self-reported trait anxiety, trait aggression and defensiveness, as measured by the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP), was investigated in 83 healthy men. Further aims of the study were to describe and document how a healthy and demographically well defined group of subjects responded to the MCT
Within the RISING (Rare ISotope INvestigations @ GSI) Collaboration at GSI, g factor measurements have been performed on isomeric states in neutron-rich isotopes approaching Sn-132 and in the neutron deficient Pb-region (the g-RISING campaign). We present the experimental technique and some typical aspects related to such studies on relativistic beams selected with the FRS fragment separator. Firs
The bismuth-stabilized (2 x 4)-reconstructed InP(100) surface [Bi/InP(100)(2 x 4)] has been studied by synchrotron-radiation core-level photoelectron spectroscopy. The spectra are compared with previous core-level data obtained on a clean InP(100)(2 x 4) surface. The findings support that the P 2p surface-core-level shift (SCLS) of the clean InP(100)(2 x 4), which has higher kinetic energy than th
We counted butterflies in almost all open grasslands in an area of 8000 hectare over five years (2001-2005) in the central part of the parish of Stenbrohult, southern Sweden (Fig. 1; 56 degrees 37' N, 14 degrees 11' O). This area is currently dominated by forests. Grasslands, mainly grazed by cattle and horses, only cover about 6 % of the area. The study area consisted of 18 farms, most ot them ar
Some migratory birds have advanced their spring arrival to Northern Europe, possibly by increasing the speed of migration through Europe in response to increased temperature en route. In this paper we compare the phenology of spring arrival of seven trans-Saharan migrants along their migration route and test for patterns indicating that migration speed varied over the season using long-term data c
We investigated whether aminoguanidine (AG), an inhibitor of advanced glycated end product formation, or probucol (PB), a free radical scavenger, could influence signs of glomerular and distal tubular function and morphological changes in kidneys of male Wistar rats after 6 months of streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Diabetic rats had a higher kidney weight/body weight ratio (P<.001), but neith
This paper is a critical analysis of the function and me aning of Roman drinking vesseis found in Scandinavian burials from the Roman Iron Age. A proposal for the shift in theoretical perspectives is made, emphasizing the need for theories that acknowledge the transformation of material culture. A review of perspectives informed by practice theory as well as ritual theory is given, and their conse
Object. The authors have previously shown that longitudinal sutures without artificial tube support regeneration across a 7-mm gap in the rat sciatic nerve. In the present study, the authors, compared this new approach with the use of autologous nerve grafts across short defects and examined whether the approach could be used to support regeneration across extended gaps and whether the interpositi
