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Aim: Widespread greening and an increasing global terrestrial carbon sink over recent decades have been reported. However, the spatio-temporal relationships between vegetation greenness and productivity and the factors influencing this relationship remain unclear. We define a new metric of ecosystem-scale photosynthetic efficiency (EPE) to analyse its spatio-temporal pattern and investigate how po

Global warming has greatly stimulated vegetation growth through both extending the growing season and promoting photosynthesis in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). Analyzing the combined dynamics of such trends can potentially improve our current understanding on changes in vegetation functioning and the complex relationship between anthropogenic and climatic drivers. This study aims to analyze the re

In numerical combustion research, accurate chemical reaction mechanisms for heavy hydrocarbons are essential to investigate the flame dynamics of Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) relative to conventional jet fuels. However, accounting for hundreds or thousands of reactions makes Finite-Rate Chemistry (FRC) Large Eddy Simulations (LES) impractical for realistic engineering scenarios. In the present

Previous research suggests a pattern of gaze avoidance in East Asian compared with Western cultures. Yet, recent eye-tracking studies of face-to-face conversation do not corroborate this. More generally, differences in nonverbal communication and analytic versus holistic strategies have been described between East Asian and Western cultures. Using wearable eye-tracking technology and an automated

Intrauterine fetal programming determines cardiorenal interaction later in life. We hypothesize that early life factors affect adult glomerular filtration rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP) directly or by interacting with postnatal growth trajectories. The population-based LifeGene study (Sweden) randomly recruited individuals aged 18 to 43 years (n = 12 167). They filled in a web-questionnaire

This study investigated the birth prevalence of cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) in Sweden between 2000 and 2020 using data from the Swedish National Medical Birth Register, which includes over 97% of children born in the country, and its subregister the National Register of Congenital Anomalies. The dataset included 2,230,771 anonymized children, with the variables year of b

During the Civil War (1936–1939), Spain became a testing ground of military technologies and tactics that were applied during World War II on a much larger scale. Due to artillery bombardment and aerial bombing, Madrid’s urban water supply approached the brink of collapse. The efforts of the workers of the state water company were fundamental to control leaks and guarantee the city’s water supply.

Three new genera in the lichen family Teloschistaceae, i.e.: Josefhafellia for the former Caloplaca bellemerei group, Bagliettoella for the former Gyalolechia marmorata branch and Tsarenkoella for the former Caloplaca obscurella group are described and compared with closely related genera. The positions of the species Lacrima apostatica (basionym: Loekoesia apostatica) and Neoplaca sideritis (basi

TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology is linked to the neurodegenerative disorders amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Huntington disease (HD). Dysregulation of metabolism and emotion is shared across these disorders and may be caused by hypothalamic pathology. Inclusions with TDP-43 are present in the hypothalamus in clinical ALS, as well as selective lo

Background: With the availability of a wrist-worn device capable of acquiring two ECG leads with a single touch, synthesis of the 12-lead ECG may be accomplished to facilitate clinical interpretation. Objective: This study proposes an echo state network (ESN) for synthesizing the 12-lead ECG from two leads simultaneously acquired using a wrist-worn device. Methods: The wrist-worn device, equipped

BackgroundLow- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Bangladesh, are experiencing a nutritional transition characterized by rising unhealthy food consumption (UFC), which increases the risk of nutrient deficiencies and chronic diseases in children. Despite this concern, research on UFC among Bangladeshi children aged 6–23 months is limited. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the preva

Boreal rivers and streams are significant sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) for the atmosphere. Yet the controls and the magnitude of these emissions remain highly uncertain, as current estimates are mostly based on indirect and discrete flux measurements. In this study, we present and analyse the longest CO2 and the first ever CH4 flux dataset measured by the eddy covariance (EC)

This chapter examines the integration of VR in teaching, focusing on teachers' experiences, perceptions, and challenges. Using a mixed-methods approach, qualitative data from 156 teachers were analyzed with NLP and AI-driven models. The findings show that VR enhances student engagement, motivation, and experiential learning by making abstract concepts accessible and providing risk-free environment

Although high-level evidence is currently lacking, noninferiority randomised controlled trials in predefined risk groups in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer are under way to scientifically prove the safety of urinary biomarker-guided follow-up. To facilitate recommendations for clinical use, it is essential to comply with the EU certification for in vitro diagnostics and to demonstrate cost effe

The rate of colorectal anastomotic leakage has remained unchanged for the last decades. The limitations of current anastomotic methods have generated an interest in alternative anastomotic techniques, such as compression anastomosis. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the early mechanical strength in left colonic anastomoses, comparing C-REX LapAid and circular stapled anasto

OBJECTIVE: Infective native aneurysms of the femoropopliteal arteries (INA-FPs) are rare and mostly reported in intravenous drug users (IVDU). This study aimed to summarize all cases of INA-FPs presented in the literature, to describe patient characteristics, microbiology, treatments and outcomes, and compare IVDU with non-IVDU patients.METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase

Iridescence refers to the optical property of surfaces for which the reflected wavelengths depend on viewing geometry. Although iridescence underlies some of the most striking animal colours, the sensory stimulation elicited by iridescent spectral shifts in relevant observers has seldom been explored. Wall lizards (genus Podarcis), with remarkable intraspecific colour variation and possible irides

Objectives: Aidarken is a region with mercury production from cinnabar and, to a lesser extent, from mercury-antimony-fluorite and waste recycling. Recent smelting emissions of elemental Hg vapour are low; however, combined with past pollution legacies, anaemia and iodine deficiency, the health effects for vulnerable populations are still possible. The study aimed to evaluate metal(loid)s status i