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Field observations of new particle formation and the subsequent particle growth are typically only possible at a fixed measurement location, and hence do not follow the temporal evolution of an air parcel in a Lagrangian sense. Standard analysis for determining formation and growth rates requires that the time-dependent formation rate and growth rate of the particles are spatially invariant; air p
We investigated the intrinsic reactivity of CO on single-layer and multilayer PdO(101) grown on Pd(100) using temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy (TPRS) and reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) experiments, as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We find that CO binds more strongly on multilayer than single-layer PdO(101) (∼119 kJ/mol vs 43 kJ/mol), and tha
We have simulated the 10-state 2d Potts model with the Metropolis and Swendsen-Wang algorithms, in order to compare their performances near a first-order phase transition. We show that a simple Markov model relates the frequencies of the flips between coexisting phases and the auto-correlation times. It leads to a coherent description of the dynamics. The ratio of the algorithm efficiencies has li
The decay from the 23+ state at about 2-MeV excitation in the nuclei Ba140, Ce142, and Nd144, with 84 neutrons, is shown to be consistent with its identification as the lowest state of mixed symmetry in the U(5) limit of the neutron-proton version of the interacting-boson model.
We developed a parametrizable box model to empirically derive the yields of semivolatile products from VOC oxidation using chamber measurements, while explicitly accounting for the multigenerational chemical aging processes (such as the gas-phase fragmentation and functionalization and aerosol-phase oligomerization and photolysis) under different NOx levels and the loss of particles and gases to c
During the last glacial period, proxy records throughout the Northern Hemisphere document a succession of rapid millennial-scale warming events, called Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events. A range of different mechanisms has been proposed that can produce similar warming in model experiments; however, the progression and ultimate trigger of the events are still unknown. Because of their fast nature, th
Abstract Due to a lack of marine macrofossils in many sediment cores from the estuarine Baltic Sea, researchers are often forced to carry out 14C determinations on bulk sediment samples. However, ambiguity surrounding the carbon source pathways that contribute to bulk sediment formation introduces a large uncertainty into 14C geochronologies based on such samples, and such uncertainty may not have
There is a variety of different cosmogenicradionuclide-based reconstructions of solar activity varia-tions for the past. Especially the longer-term changes andthe absolute levels of past solar activity are uncertain as it isillustrated by the differences between these reconstructions.On the one hand there are differences between10Be and14Crecords that are commonly used as proxies for
Rationale: Smoking is a primary risk factor for chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but since not all smokers develop disease, it has been suggested that some individuals may be more susceptible to exogenous factors, such as smoking, and that this susceptibility could be genetically determined. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess, in a popul
A unique set of gaseous mercury measurements in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS) has been obtained during the monthly CARIBIC (www.caribic-atmospheric.com) flights since May 2005. The passenger Airbus 340-600 of Lufthansa covered routes to the Far East, North America, India, and the southern hemisphere. The accompanying measurements of CO, O3, NOy, H2O, aerosols, halocarbons, h
Disentangling phylogenetic relationships proves challenging for groups that have evolved recently, especially if there is ongoing reticulation. Although they are in most cases immediately isolated from diploid relatives, sets of sibling allopolyploids often hybridize with each other, thereby increasing the complexity of an already challenging situation. Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae: Orchidinae) is a
BACKGROUND: Although there have been case reports describing trocar site herniation after laparoscopic fundoplication, its overall prevalence and the risk factors for its development are unclear.METHODS: The records of 320 patients undergoing primary laparoscopic fundoplication as treatment for gastroesophageal reflex disease (GERD) or hiatal hernia between 1991 and 1999 were reviewed retrospectiv
The Asian Summer Monsoons (ASM) represent the main source of precipitation in China and East Asia with about one third of the world population and a region of widespread civilizations. Identifying the temporal and spatial patterns (pathways) of these monsoonal events during the Late Holocene to today has been a matter of debate amongst the
This chapter discusses the role of combinatorial knowledge and its multi-scalarity in shaping the transformation paths of local productive systems that are affected by the gales of contemporary technological change. Analytic knowledge is often created with the application of experiment-based methods. The value is extracted from the application of scientific principles and theoretical modes of lear
