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Background: We have previously shown that a Palaeolithic diet consisting of the typical food groups that our ancestors ate during the Palaeolithic era, improves cardiovascular disease risk factors and glucose control compared to the currently recommended diabetes diet in patients with type 2 diabetes. To elucidate the mechanisms behind these effects, we evaluated fasting plasma concentrations of g
Objective: Apart from improved health outcomes, treatment convenience per se may have a value to individuals. This is sometimes referred to as process utility and can be estimated in terms of willingness-to-pay (WTP) or quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Previous research has produced multiple studies on QALY gains and WTP estimates of insulin-related attributes. There are, however, significant
The field of high dynamic range imaging addresses the problem of capturing and displaying the large range of luminance levels found in the world, using devices with limited dynamic range. In this paper we present a novel tone mapping algorithm that is based on K-means clustering. Using dynamic programming we are able to not only solve the clustering problem efficiently, but also find the global op
The central problem of this thesis is locating several sources and simultaneously locating the positions of the sensors. The measurements captured by the sensors are time of arrival (TOA), time difference of arrival (TDOA), unsynchronized TDOA, or received signal strength indication (RSSI), all a variation of distance measurement between sensors and sources. Signals can be either sound or radio fo
A large number of medical examinations involve images in some way. Images can be used for diagnostics, follow-up studies and treatment planning. In this thesis mathematical methods have been developed and adapted in order to analyze medical images. Several applications for different imaging modalities have been studied and the usefulness of such methods is demonstrated.A complete system for detect
Various improvements were made to a state-of-the-art aerosol–cloud model and comparison of the model results with observations from field campaigns was performed. The strength of this aerosol–cloud model is in its ability to explicitly resolve all the known modes of heterogeneous cloud droplet activation and ice crystal nucleation. The model links cloud particle activation with the aerosol loading
Popular Abstract in Swedish All materia består av atomer. Avhandlingen du just nu läser är uppbyggd av atomer; till och med du själv är uppbyggd av atomer. En kemist är intresserad av vilka atomer som hänger ihop för att bilda molekyler och hur dessa molekyler kan sammanfogas till fasta material. Man kan likna det vid att molekylerna är en byggsten som då de sammanfogas bildar en byggnadskonstruktHow do molecules arrange themselves in a crystal? It is today not possible to definite predict the three-dimensional packing arrangement of molecules in the crystalline solid state. The aim of the work presented in this thesis has been to gain more knowledge of what principles that govern molecular packing. Platinum(II) complexes have been chosen as model system since these compounds are stable,
The main idea of this paper is to use distances between camera positions to recover the trajectory of a mobile robot. We consider a mobile platform equipped with a single fixed camera using images of the floor and their associated inter-image homographies to find these distances. We show that under the assumptions that the camera is rigidly mounted with a constant tilt and travelling at a constant
Popular Abstract in Swedish Vitamin A är nödvändigt för kroppen. Det behövs för synen och för normal utveckling av foster och celler. Vitamin A krävs t. ex. också för optimalt immunförsvar och för fortplantningen. Ett stort globalt problem är vitamin A-brist i tredje världen, framför allt hos barn och gravida. Vitamin A-brist hos dessa grupper ger upphov till bl. a. blindhet och ökad dödlighet i The aims of these studies were to evaluate retinoid measurements, more specifically the performance of all-trans and 13-cis retinoic acids methods in clinical experimental settings and to evaluate the informational value of these measurements in relation to S-Retinol. Biological and analytical variations for retinoids were evaluated for healthy subjects. The performance of the retinoic acid measur
Low-rank matrix factorization is an essential problem in many areas including computer vision, with applications in e.g. affine structure-from-motion, photometric stereo, and non-rigid structure from motion. However, very little attention has been drawn to minimal cases for this problem or to using the minimal configuration of observations to find the solution. Minimal problems are useful when eit
A description of the major reform of the Swedish sickness benefit reform of 2008 and its effects and an analysis of the legal and societal problems it entailed. The major part of the reform being to transfer persons from the sickness insurance social security system to the unemployment insurance system.
We propose new feature-based methods for rigid and affine image registration. These are compared to state-of-the-art intensity-based techniques as well as existing feature-based methods. On challenging datasets of brain MR and whole-body CT images, a significant improvement in terms of speed, robustness to outlier structures and dependence on initialization is shown.
The catalytic domain of overexpressed protein kinase C (PKC)-delta mediates phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced differentiation or apoptosis in appropriate model cell lines. To define the portions of the catalytic domain that are critical for these isozyme-specific functions, we constructed reciprocal chimeras, PKC-delta/epsilonV5 and -epsilon/deltaV5, by swapping the V5 domains of PKC-d
Heterocyclic amines (HAs), formed when meat and fish are cooked at high temperatures, have been linked to mammary gland cancer in rats, and some epidemiological studies indicate increased breast cancer risk by consumption of well-done meat. The epidemiological evidence linking HAs per se to breast cancer is however sparse, especially from prospective studies. Moreover, high-fat diets rich in omega
There is little epidemiological data on heart failure (HF) in the younger age groups dominating clinical HF trials. We assessed gender-specific long-term HF incidence and mortality in an urban community-based sample of middle-aged subjects. Between 1974 and 1992, 33,342 HF-free subjects (10,900 [32.7%] women, mean age 45.7 +/- 7.4 years) were included in the Malmö Preventive Project, on average 21
Cellular uptake of several viruses and polybasic macromolecules requires the expression of cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) through as yet ill-defined mechanisms. We unexpectedly found that among several cell-surface binding scFv anti-HS antibody (alphaHS) clones only one, AO4B08, efficiently translocated macromolecular cargo to intracellular vesicles through induction of HSPG endo
The five Nordic species of the genus Urytalpa Edwards (Diptera: Keroplatidae) are revised, of which one species, Urytalpa galdes Hedmark & Kjaerandsen, sp. n., is described as new to science based on males collected in northern Sweden. We find that the original type species assignment for Urytalpa (Platyura ochracea Meigen, 1818) is based on a misidentification, and in order to stabilize the n
Objective: Non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are characterized by predominant defective insulin secretion. However, in non-obese T2DM patients, metformin, targeting insulin resistance. is non-inferior to the prandial insulin secretagogue, repaglinide, controlling overall glycaemia (HbA(1c)). Whether the same apply for postprandial glucose and lipid metabolism is unknown. Here. we comp
