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A major hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the presence of Lewy bodies (LBs) in certain neuronal tissues. LBs are protein-rich inclusions, in which α-synuclein (α-syn) is the most abundant protein. Since these inclusions are not present in healthy individuals, despite the high concentration of α-syn in neurons, it is important to investigate whether natural control mechanisms are present to e
Using a new sample of farm accounts from 84 farms throughout England, this article provides measures of regional variation and changes over time in female wages and employment in agriculture. Female wages were not fixed, but changed over time and responded to high demand for female labour. The female-male wage ratio fell between 1750 and 1850, except in the industrial north west. In 1851 approxima
This article is contributing to the future of copyright law debate by exploring the recently harmonised originality standard in the EU copyright law and its suitability to a creative sharing community of Wikipedia. It shows that the “free creative choices” and “author’s personal” touch criteria established by the CJEU might be unsuitable not only because of practical concerns, but also because the
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is major health problem and is sometimes complicated by lethal pulmonary embolism (PE). Disturbances of the coagulation and anticoagulation systems are important risk factors for VTE. Comparative studies suggest that coagulation and innate immunity have a shared evolutionary origin. It is therefore unsurprising that the immune and coagulation systems are linked, with m
Vitamin K-dependent protein C is an important regulator of blood coagulation. After its activation on the endothelial cell surface by thrombin bound to thrombomodulin, it cleaves and inactivates procoagulant cofactors Va and VIIIa, protein S and intact factor V working as cofactors. Until recently, genetic defects of protein C or protein S were, together with antithrombin III deficiency, the estab
This study investigates volatility spillovers to electric power from large exogenous shocks in the prices of gas, coal, and carbon emission allowances in the German energy market. Our sample ranges from 2008 to 2016 and covers periods of different market conditions. We use a general VAR-BEKK model and the volatility impulse response function methodology to analyze and evaluate the spillover effect
It is well known that the xylem of gymnosperm trees consists mainly of tracheids and that the dimensions of these cells change over the growth season in temperate regions. When looking at a micrograph of a cross section of a growth ring, it can be seen that early in the season tracheids have larger radial diameters and thin walls, while tracheids formed later in the growth season have smaller radi
BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are risk factors for cardiovascular disease, which is the most common cause of death in the world. People with intellectual disability (ID) have been reported to have high rates of both these disorders. The aim of this study was to describe and compare prevalence ratios of diabetes mellitus and hypertension between older adults with ID and their age p
The causes and extent of regional inequality in the process of economic growth are at the core of historical economic research. So far, much attention has been devoted to studying the role of industrialization in driving regional divergence. But empirical studies on relatively unequal countries such as Italy or Spain show that inequality was already high when their modern industrialization began (
Today, between 8% and 16% of all individuals worldwide suffer from chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is becoming a growing public health issue. Creatinine and cystatin C are commonly used markers for kidney function, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria are used to stage CKD. However, creatinine and eGFR are rather insensitive in identifying individuals at high risk of
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present recent empirical results concerning offshoring and backshoring of manufacturing from and to Sweden, to increase the understanding of manufacturing relocation in an international context. In particular, extent, geographies, type of production, drivers, and benefits of moving manufacturing in both directions are investigated. Design/methodology/appro
Appearance of l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) represents a major limitation in the pharmacological therapy with the dopamine precursor l-DOPA. Indeed, the vast majority of parkinsonian patients develop dyskinesia within 9–10 years of l-DOPA oral administration. This makes the discovery of new therapeutic strategies an important need. In the last decades, several animal models of Parkinson’s diseas
Boken behandlar den litauisk-amerikanske folkrättsjuristen, politikern, diplomaten och historikern Jacob Robinsons (1889-1977; på litauiska: Jokūbas Robinzonas) liv och verk i elva kapitel.
