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According to the cost-of-capital hypothesis, increased voluntary disclosure should reduce information asymmetries, lower the cost of capital, and increase firm value. The optimal-disclosure hypothesis, however, predicts that costs related to voluntary disclosure lead to the existence of an interior optimum of disclosure that maximizes firm value. These hypotheses are empirically tested using a pre

The current work is devoted entirely to the study of passive transport phenomena, or more specifically, the more simple diffusion, electric migration and filtration of solute matter and water over glomerular and peritoneal capillary walls. The driving forces behind such trans-capillary transport phenomena have long been assumed to be simple gradients of concentration, hydrostatic pressure and elec

Elucidating the ultimate and proximate mechanisms of melanistic color pattern formation has become an important focus of evolutionary biology. There are relatively few studies, however, examining the composition and architecture of pigment cells in melanistic reptiles. The typical color pattern of the skink Plestiodon latiscutatus, which inhabits the Izu Islands and Izu Peninsula of Japan, consist

The Langerhans cells are capable of taking up L-dopa and the catecholamines dopamine and noradrenaline when exposed to these substances in vitro. Within the cell L-dopa is found in the cytoplasm as well as in the nucleus, whereas the catecholamines are confined to cytoplasmic granules. The L-dopa uptake is most probably carrier-mediated and the hypothesis is brought forward that L-dopa enters the

Gossypol at micromolar concentrations (2 μM) was found to inhibit axonal transport and a microsomal ATPase activity in the frog sciatic nerve, although axonal microtubules and the neuronal content of AMP, ADP and ATP were not affected. At slightly higher concentrations (30-40 μM), gossypol also inhibited microtubule assembly and neuronal energy metabolism. Gossypol accumulated in the nerve and the

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More recently researchers have turned to analyze how the tax structure, rather than the overall tax level, affects economic performance. For instance, several papers have investigated how taxation on corporate and individual (labor) income influences growth. Taxation of dividend income may also influence growth via its impact on investments and firm behavior. Within the academic community there is

The plant plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase is a predominant membrane enzyme that provides the energy for secondary active transport across the plasma membrane. Consequently, the H⁺-ATPase is thought to play a major role in many cell processes, and it is implicated to be regulated by a number of factors, including hormones, blue light, and fungal toxins The plant plasma membrane H

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Reviews the book, Language, Music, and the Brain: A Mysterious Relationship by Michael A. Arbib (2013). For the researcher, or for anyone interested in research using a multidisciplinary approach to the problem of the interrelations between language, music, and the brain, this anthology is at the same time a rich “Handbook of...” and “A Companion to....” As such the book ought to be a priceless re

Popular Abstract in Swedish Nocturi, att vakna för att gå upp och tömma urinblåsan på natten, förekommer i alla åldrar hos kvinnor såväl som hos män. Prevalensen ökar med ökande ålder. Nocturi kan vara ett symptom på hjärtsvikt, okontrollerad diabetes mellitus, benign prostatahyperplasi och sömnapné. Den ökade förekomsten av nocturi hos äldre (65+) beror dock inte endast på högre sjuklighet. ÅldraAnalysis of nocturia questionnaires mailed to all persons aged 65 years or more in Tierp, a Swedish rural community, showed that the number of nocturnal voids was highly correlated with urge and incontinence. No correlation between nocturia and a known and treated hypertension, angina, congestive heart failure or diabetes mellitus was detected. Frequency-volume charts from elderly subjects with tw

Authoritative survey of the importance of altered consciousness throughout history and in various disciplines such as philosophy, sociology, the arts and the humanities.