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Adsorbed organic compounds modify the properties of environmental interfaces with potential implications for many Earth system processes. Here, we describe experimental studies of water interactions with acetic acid (AcOH) layers on ice and graphite surfaces at temperatures from 186 to 200 K. Hyperthermal D2O water molecules are efficiently trapped on all of the investigated surfaces, with only a
Education as a social right has been gaining strong prominence in the Nordic countries transition towards the post-industrial society. I focused the Swedish educational system. The study finds that the right to education turned into a moral duty to be an enlightened citizen. The interviewees’ stigmatize vocational programmes and encourage pupils to choose ‘right’ meaning school-based education. A
Two methods for estimating the sensor offset of a cylinder pressure transducer are developed. Both methods fit the pressure data during pre-combustion compression to a polytropic curve. The first method assumes a known polytropic exponent, and the other estimates the polytropic exponent. The first method results in a linear least-squares problem, and the second method results in a nonlinear least-
The heat transferred to the turbine blade is substantially increased as the turbine inlet temperature is increased. Cooling methods are therefore much needed for the turbine blades to ensure a long durability and safe operation. The blade tip region is exposed to the hot gas flows. A common way to cool the tip is to use serpentine passages with 180-deg turn under the blade tip cap taking advantage
BACKGROUND: Cyclin A1 is a cell cycle regulator that has been implicated in the progression of prostate cancer. Its role in invasion and metastasis of this disease has not been characterized. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry and cDNA microarray analyses were used to assess protein and mRNA expression of cyclin A1 and proteins with roles in metastasis, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEG
Intratumoral heterogeneity is an inherent feature of most human cancers and has profound implications for cancer therapy. As a result, there is an emergent need to explore previously unmapped mechanisms regulating distinct subpopulations of tumor cells and to understand their contribution to tumor progression and treatment response. Aberrant platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) si
We have made a study by isothermal calorimetry of the heat production response of root and tuber tissue to wounding. Samples with different surface to volume ratios were prepared from carrots, potatoes and swedes (rutabaga) and the overall metabolic heat was measured in closed glass ampoules in a TAM Air isothermal calorimeter. The evaluation was made by assuming that a certain heat production rat
Cytokines play a major role in lymphoid development. Defects of the common gamma chain (gamma (c)) or of the JAK3 protein in humans have been shown to result in a severe combined immune deficiency (SCID), with a profound defect in T and natural killer (NK)-cell development, whereas B-cell generation is apparently unaffected (T-B+NK- SCID). While extensive molecular and biochemical analysis of thes
Popular Abstract in Swedish Att vara äldre, beroende av hjälp och leva med varaktig smärta. För äldre människor som är beroende av hjälp från omvärlden för att klara av sitt dagliga liv, utgör inte bara den nedsatta funktion ett problem. Många är drabbade även av andra problem, varav ett vanligt är ihållande och varaktig smärta. För vissa äldre med gravt nedsatt funktion kan språket ha drabbat's This thesis explores everyday living with persistent pain from the perspectives of functionally dependent older persons in pain and of staff. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was chosen. Data were collected using interviews and tools for assessing pain. The first data collection included 66 persons (65+) living in sheltered accommodation and their corresponding contact nurses.
Induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies, such as the monoclonal antibodies IgGb12, 2F5 and 2G12, is the objective of most antibody-based HIV-1 vaccine undertakings. However, despite the relative conserved nature of epitopes targeted by these antibodies, mechanisms underlying the sensitivity of circulating HIV-1 variants to broadly neutralizing antibodies are not fully understood. Here we have
The base (BOP) and the top (TOP) of the world income pyramid represent the people living in poverty and the people from developed countries, respectively. In the approach of business development combined with poverty alleviation, the design of products for the BOP plays an important role. There is an urgent need to develop an understanding of the process of designing products for the BOP. Requirem
In recent years, a number of planetary systems have been proposed to orbit-evolved binary star systems. The presence of planets is invoked to explain observed variations in the timing of mutual eclipses between the primary and secondary components of the binary star system. The planets recently proposed orbiting the cataclysmic variable system QS Virginis are the latest in this ongoing series of `
Popular Abstract in Swedish I cellen styrs allt av biomolekylernas förmåga till igenkänning och växelverkan med varandra. Molekylernas speciella egenskaper bygger upp kroppens alla komplicerade funktioner, till exempel immunförsvar, celldelning och muskelarbete. Interaktionerna mellan biomolekylerna kan vara av olika karaktär; de beskrivs som starka eller svaga (affinitet), långsamma eller snabba Molecular recognition and interaction is fundamental for the function of biological systems. The properties of the interacting biomolecules dictate the type of forces involved and the strength and dynamics of the interaction. Many interactions are very strong whereas others exhibit weak affinity. Typically, weak interactions work in concert to trigger a biological response. The advantage with thi
Popular Abstract in Swedish Vår läkemedelsanvändning har eskalerat de senaste två årtionden och vi har kunnat behandla, bota och förebygga sjukdomar samt minskat antalet oönskade graviditeter i större utsträckning jämfört med förr. Detta har dock också fört med sig negativa effekter och miljöproblem efter att läkemedlen kommer ut i naturen. Ett antal läkemedel är så kallade endokrina störningssubsSynthetic hormones are a group of pharmaceuticals used for various human and animal treatments. However, consumption and disposal of these substances have also given rise to negative effects and environmental problems for organisms in the wild which is why these substances have been classified as estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Studies on the estrogen receptors (ers) and their ge
Popular Abstract in Swedish För att skydda sig mot omgivande virus, bakterier och parasiter har kroppen utvecklat ett speciellt försvar. Detta försvar utgörs av ett komplext nätverk av celler och lösliga komponenter som interagerar med varandra. En del av kroppens försvar utgörs av fysiska barriärer så som huden och av celler som är specialiserade på att ta upp och döda angripande mikroorganismer.The interaction between murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC) and the Gram negative bacteria Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli have been characterised. These studies showed that DC phagocytosed and processed S. typhimurium and E. coli expressing defined epitopes for peptide presentation on major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) and class II (MHC-II) molecules. Process
Summary, key points: Transport considerations ought to be factored into the initial phase of the wheelchair & seating assessment process. Manufacturers of wheelchairs and seating systems should make information relating to the safe transportation of their products readily available - and easy to understand. With the desire to provide the safest possible transport environment for wheelchair-se
