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Interactions between danger and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (DAMP and PAMP) and pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical for the regulation of the inflammatory process via activation of NFκB and cytokine secretion. In this report, we investigated the capacity of LPS-free S100A9 (DAMP) protein to activate human and mouse cells compared to lipoprotein-
P>Lyme borreliosis, caused by spirochaetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi genospecies complex, is the most commonly reported tick-borne infection in Europe and North America. The non-specific nature of many of its clinical manifestations presents a diagnostic challenge and concise case definitions are essential for its satisfactory management. Lyme borreliosis is very similar in Europe and North Amer
The fraudulent treatment of cattle with growth promoting agents (GPAs) is a matter of great concern for the European Union (EU) authorities and consumers. It has been estimated that 10% of animals are being illegally treated in the EU. In contrast, only a much lower percentage of animals (< 0.5%) are actually found as being noncompliant by conventional analytical methods. Thus, it has been propose
Serine proteases of the S1 family have maintained a common structure over an evolutionary span of more than one billion years, and evolved a variety of substrate specificities and diverse biological roles, involving digestion and degradation, blood clotting, fibrinolysis and epithelial homeostasis. We here show that a wide range of C-terminal peptide sequences of serine proteases, particularly fro
Cellular reprogramming is a new and rapidly emerging field in which somatic cells can be turned into pluripotent stem cells or other somatic cell types simply by the expression of specific combinations of genes. By viral expression of neural fate determinants, it is possible to directly reprogram mouse and human fibroblasts into functional neurons, also known as induced neurons. The resulting cell
Our problem is how to design, with the use of distance and ICT, an appropriate academic context for learning, for students with no previous knowledge of this context. Our aim is to analyse and describe the learner’s relation to the object of his/her studies as part of his/her relation to the learning activity. By using a combination of a phenomenographic approach and activity system theory, we ana
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling handlar om antikroppar. Antikroppar är proteiner som bildas av vårt immunförsvar för att skydda oss mot farliga ämnen i vår omgivning, som tex bakterier. På grund av antikroppars unika uppbyggnad och funktion utnyttjas ofta dessa på konstgjord väg. De kan injiceras i kroppen för att bota någon sjukdom eller användas på laboratoriet i olika analyser. InnIn vitro generation of antibody fragments of desired specificity and affinity plays an important role since it permits the generation of reagents which may be valuable for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Furthermore, the kinetic parameters for an antibody-antigen interaction, rather than the affinity, has shown to correlate with biological functions like virus neutralization. This points
Mounting discoveries of extrasolar planets orbiting post-main-sequence stars motivate studies to understand the fate of these planets. In the traditional 'adiabatic' approximation, a secondary's eccentricity remains constant during stellar mass-loss. Here, we remove this approximation, investigate the full two-body point-mass problem with isotropic mass-loss, and illustrate the resulting dynamical
The Official records of the Swedish Foreign Ministry and War Ministry clearly indicate that the Stockholm was fully aware of the ongoing massacres and deportations of the Armenian subjects in the Ottoman Empire in an intentional annihilation of the Armenian nation.
The paper is based on a general conceptual supply chain flow risk model developed in an earlier paper, a literature review and case studies. The paper has the title "Developing a supply chain risk model" and is reported as a final paper at the NOFOMA 2005 conference. The literature review has been focusing articles and reports/books on supply chain management. Some of its findings have earlier bee
Many studies focusing on design activities use the interview technique as part of their investigation. Nevertheless, methodological discussions about the interview setting as the locus of a social interaction between the interviewer and the respondent and its implications for the interpretation of the data obtained are rarely found in publications within our design community. Part I of this public
In sociology, new institutionalists led the revival in interest in institutions in organizational theory and economic sociology by shifting the focus of causal reasoning from agent-centric studies of economic and organizational actors to the relationship connecting the firm with its institutional environment. We suggest a multilevel causal model incorporating the connection between the subinstitut
Current optical space telescopes rely upon silicon charge-coupled devices (CCDs) to detect and image the incoming photons. The performance of a CCD detector depends on its ability to transfer electrons through the silicon efficiently, so that the signal from every pixel may be read out through a single amplifier. This process of electron transfer is highly susceptible to the effects of solar proto
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that presents severe health care concerns due to the prevalence of multiple antibiotic-resistant strains. New treatment strategies are urgently needed, which requires an understanding of disease causation mechanisms. Complement is one of the first lines of defense against bacterial pathogens, and S. aureus expresses several specific complement inh
Serglycin (SG) is a proteoglycan expressed by hematopoietic cells and is constitutively secreted by multiple myeloma (MM) cells. SG participates in the regulation of various inflammatory events. We found that SG secreted by human MM cell lines inhibits both the classical and lectin pathways of complement, without influencing alternative pathway activity. The inhibitory effect of SG is due to direc
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) escapes the host immune system by recruitment of the complement regulator vitronectin that inhibits the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) by inhibiting C5b-C7 complex formation and C9 polymerization. We previously reported that Hib acquires vitronectin at the surface by using Haemophilus surface fibrils (Hsf). Here we studied in detail the interacti
In this work we show how hydrodynamic forces can be used to locally trap molecules in a supported lipid bilayer (SLB). The method uses the hydrodynamic drag forces arising from a flow through a conical pipette with a tip radius of 1-1.5 mu m, placed approximately 1 mu m above the investigated SLB. This results in a localized force-field that acts on molecules protruding from the SLB, yielding a hy
