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Popular Abstract in Swedish Vårt immunförsvar arbetar konstant med att skydda kroppen från olika föremål, t. ex. bakterier, virus, gifter och cancertumörer, som kan orsaka skada eller sjukdom. För att kunna försvara kroppen mot sådana föremål så har immunförsvaret tillgång till flera, oerhört effektiva, vapen. Det viktigt att immunförsvaret känner igen, och endast angriper, skadliga föremål, så atCD40 is a cell surface receptor of pivotal importance that is expressed on several of the cells in the immune system. It is critical for many important events, such as T cell dependent B cell activation, isotype switching, somatic mutation and generation of B cell memory. The central role of CD40 in the immune system makes it an ideal target for antibody based immunotherapy. This led us to charact

Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology and core needle biopsies (CNBs) in a series of primary soft tissue and bone lesions and to test a possible system for reporting results of FNA cytology of soft tissue lesion. Methods: This retrospective study encompassed 828 primary soft tissue and bone lesions, analysed with FNA, CNB

Aim: “Early” withdrawal of life support therapies (eWLST) within the first 3 calendar days after resuscitation from cardiac arrest (CA) is discouraged. We evaluated a prospective multicenter registry of patients admitted to hospitals after resuscitation from CA to determine predictors of eWLST and estimate its impact on outcomes. Methods: CA survivors enrolled from 2012–2017 in the International C

Carotenoid-based coloration in birds is widely considered an honest signal of individual condition, but the mechanisms responsible for condition dependency in such ornaments remain debated. Currently, the most common explanation for how carotenoid coloration serves as a reliable signal of condition is the resource trade-off hypothesis, which proposes that use of carotenoids for ornaments reduces t

Paenibacillus larvae, causative agent of American Foulbrood (AFB), is the primary bacterial pathogen affecting honeybees and beekeeping. The main methods for controlling AFB are incineration of diseased colonies or prophylactic antibiotic treatment (e.g. tylosin), neither of which is fully satisfactory. The search for superior means for controlling AFB has led to an increased interest in the natur

Gravitational tides are widely understood to strip and destroy galactic substructures. In the course of a galaxy merger, however, transient totally compressive tides may develop and prevent star-forming regions from dissolving after they condensed to form clusters of stars. We study the statistics of such compressive modes in an N-body model of the galaxy merger NGC 4038/39 (the Antennae) and show

Lung cancer is primarily a disease of the elderly, with a median age at diagnosis around 70 years. In our study we sought to address the question of whether and how clinical characteristics, molecular alterations and molecular phenotypes differ between patient populations with early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (AC) with respect to age at diagnosis. Patients were stratified based on age at diagnosis

Introduction: Most studies determining speakers’ perceived gender as binarily female or male are reliant on F0 perception, although other vocal parameters may also contribute to the perception of gender. The current study focused on the impact of breathiness on the perception of speakers’ gender as a biological variable (feminine or masculine). Methods: n = 31 normal hearing, native English speake

Fructans—fructose-based oligo- or polysaccharides—are de novo synthesized from sucrose by transfructosylating enzymes of microorganisms and plants. Fructan-producing enzymes belong to glycoside hydrolase families 32 and 68. Levansucrases, inulosucrases, some invertases, sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyl transferases, fructan:fructan 1-fructosyl transferases, sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyl transferases and

In the age of high-resolution spectroscopic stellar surveys of the Milky Way, the number of stars with detailed abundances of multiple elements is rapidly increasing. These elemental abundances are directly influenced by the evolutionary history of the Galaxy, but this can be difficult to interpret without an absolute timeline of the abundance enrichment. We present age-abundance trends for [M/H],

Introduction: Treatment after Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury includes physical therapist supervised neuromuscular training, with or without surgical reconstruction, aiming to improve patient-reported outcomes and muscle function. Despite this treatment, sensorimotor deficiencies persist, possibly constituting a contributing factor for risk of re-injury, early-onset osteoarthritis, and a l

Sex-based differences influence incidence and outcome of infectious disease. Women have a significantly greater incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) than men, yet, conversely, male UTI is more persistent, with greater associated morbidity. Mechanisms underlying these sex-based differences are unknown, in part due to a lack of experimental models. We optimized a model to transurethrally infec

Background: Listening effort seems to depend on input-related listening demands and several factors internal to the individual listener. Input-related demands may be listening in noise compared with listening in quiet, and internal factors may be cognitive functions. Purpose: The purpose was to apply measures of listening effort and perceived listening effort in participants with normal hearing, t

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a diverse family of peptides that defend the mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity and other locations. Many AMPs have multiple functions and properties that influence aspects of innate defense and colonization by microorganisms. The human oral cavity is home to the second-most diverse microbiome, and the health of the mouth is influenced by the presence of these ba