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Popular Abstract in Swedish Cancer är en komplex och heterogen sjukdom där celler har börjat växa okontrollerat och denna sjukdom är idag ett stort hälsoproblem. På grund av diffusa symptom upptäcks cancern ofta i ett sent stadium. Otillräcklig kunskap om olika fenotyper hindrar utvecklingen av riktad behandling och patienter svarar därför väldigt olika på en given behandling. Denna avhandling ärCancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease where cells have started to grow uncontrolled and this disease remains a major health problem. Because of diffuse symptoms it often presents at a late stage. Insufficient understanding of the different phenotypes hinders the development of targeted therapeutics and consequently patients show a diverse range of responses to a given treatment. This thes

A general approach to derive summation rules in electromagnetics using Herglotz functions is presented in this paper. This approach is then used to obtain summation rules and bounds on partial wave scattering, which are illustrated numerically by the scattering of a Drude sphere.

Narratological studies have quite frequently focused upon linguistic structures, considered to be paradigmatic cases of narrativity, whereas pictorial signs (such as icons and symbols) or indices have received comparably much less attention. In this paper, however, I intend to outline some basic and regularly occurring narrative aspects of pictures and non-pictorial objects. As a point of departu

This paper examines the role of the photograph as vehicle for historic and virtual memory, in the remembrance culture of the Holocaust.

Popular Abstract in Swedish Inflammerat brosk i halsen. Rethosta eller andningsbesvär. Autoimmuna sjukdomar uppstår när immunförsvaret angriper och bryter ner den egna kroppens vävnader. Då kroppen infekteras av bakterier eller virus är immunförsvarets ökade aktivitet däremot en normal skyddsmekanism. Exempel på vanligt förekommande autoimmuna sjukdomar är diabetes, reumatoid artrit (RA) och multRelapsing polychondritis (RP) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are autoimmune diseases where an inappropriate immune response destroys cartilage. In RP, the ears, larynx, nose and joints are affected, while the most prominent sign of RA is arthritis. For ethical reasons many experiments can not be performed in man, and consequently animal models are needed. To investigate the complexity of the tissu

During B lymphocyte development, the transcriptional activity of the IgH locus is subject to spatial and temporal changes. The 3' enhancer (3'E) has been suggested to play an important role in regulation of immunoglobulin gene expression late in B cell development. We have investigated, using transgenic mice, the role of the 3'E in regulating Ig gene expression. Mice harbouring a rearranged IgH ge

We follow the near radial infall of a prolate cloud on to a 4 x 10(6) M-circle dot supermassive black hole in the Galactic Centre using smoothed particle hydrodynamics. We show that a prolate cloud oriented perpendicular to its orbital plane naturally produces a spread in angular momenta in the gas which can translate into misaligned discs as is seen in the young stars orbiting Sagittarius A*. A t

Since a tightly regulated complement system is needed for a successful pregnancy, we hypothesized that alterations in complement inhibitors may be associated with idiopathic, recurrent miscarriage. We sequenced all exons coding for three complement inhibitors: C4b-binding protein (C4BP), CD46 and CD55 in 384 childless women with at least two miscarriages that could not be explained by known risk f

Variation of mechanical properties in materials can be detected non-destructively using ultrasonic measurements. In particular, changes in elastic wave velocity can occur due to damage, i.e., micro-cracking and particles debonding. Here the challenge of characterizing damage in geomaterials, i.e., rocks and soils, is addressed. Geomaterials are naturally heterogeneous media in which the deformatio

There is no clinically useful score to predict chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. We aimed to derive this by analyzing data from three existing COPD clinical trials of budesonide/formoterol, formoterol, or placebo in patients with moderate-to-very-severe COPD and a history of exacerbations in the previous year.

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a major human pathogen, which evolved numerous successful strategies to colonize the host. In this study, we report a novel mechanism of pneumococcal-host interaction, whereby pneumococci use a host complement protein C1q, primarily involved in the host-defense mechanism, for colonization and subsequent dissemination. Using cell-culture infection assays a

Since 2012 citrate anticoagulation is the recommended anticoagulation strategy for CRRT. The main drawback using citrate compared with heparin as anticoagulant is the need for calcium replacement and the rigorous control of calcium levels. This study investigated the possibility to achieve anticoagulation while eliminating the need for calcium replacement. This was successfully achieved by includi

Sexual selection hypotheses stipulate that the major histocompatibility complex genes (MHC) constitute a key molecular underpinning for mate choice in vertebrates. The last four decades saw growing empirical literature on the role of MHC diversity and dissimilarity in mate choice for a wide range of vertebrate animals, but with mixed support for its significance in natural populations. Using forma

As a group of stars having high luminosity and thus being able to be detected to great distances, massive M supergiants are extremely helpful to the study of the kinematics of the Milky Way. They are also partly responsible for the creation of post iron-group elements through the weak s-process of nucleosynthesis. As there are relatively few classified M supergiants, owing to their rapid pace of e