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In microbiological studies, a common goal is to link environmental factors to microbial activities. Both environmental factors and microbial activities are typically derived from bulk samples. It is becoming increasingly clear that such bulk environmental parameters poorly represent the microscale environments microorganisms experience. Using infrared (IR) microspectroscopy, the spatial distributi

High Capacity vehicles (HCV) have dimensions outside general access rules. The High Capacity Transport (HCT) concept consists of roads, vehicles, operations, and regulations. The Intelligent Access (IA) framework gives access to roads only if compliance assurance schemes are used to ensure “the right vehicle is on the right road at the right time with the right axel loads and driven at the right s

Haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal is a process that is essential for the development and homeostasis of the blood system. Self-renewal expansion divisions, which create two daughter HSCs from a single parent HSC, can be harnessed to create large numbers of HSCs for a wide range of cell and gene therapies, but the same process is also a driver of the abnormal expansion of HSCs in diseases

Popular Abstract in Swedish Bilsäten har genomgått en kontinuerlig utveckling ända sedan de först beskrevs år 1885. På den tiden kunde man läsa om vadderade läderbänkar, monterade på stora fjädrar, fastsatta i chassit på ”hästlösa vagnar”. När polyuretanskum först började tillverkas på 1950-talet introducerades de snabbt i bilsätena och dessa genomgick stora förbättringar. Skummen utgör idag en stAutomotive seating has been under continous development since it was described for the first time in 1885. At that time one could read about a “padded leather bench seat sitting on springs mounted directly to the frame of a horse-less carriage”. With the development of flexible polyurethane foam in 1950-1960 the seats were considerably improved and the traditional springs were eventually replaced

Popular Abstract in Swedish Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Utvecklingen av nya innovativa chokladprodukter har tagit fart under de senaste åren i takt med att konsumenterna ställer allt högre krav på chokladkvaliteten. Eftersom produktionsprocessen är komplicerad och hållbarhetstiden begränsad uppskattas att man slänger drygt 100 000 ton chokladprodukter varje år i Europa till ett värde av 1.Abstract Fat bloom on chocolate is a major problem for the confectionery industry since the unappetising appearance and negative sensory effects lead to rejection by customers. The presence of fat bloom on chocolate confectionery systems is usually connected to migration of liquid fat due to the difference in composition between filling triacylglycerols (TAGs) and cocoa butter TAGs. The filling T

The aim of the study was to determine how significance indicators assigned to different Web page elements (internal metadata, title, headings, and main text) influence automated classification. The data collection that was used comprised 1000 Web pages in engineering, to which Engineering Information classes had been manually assigned. The significance indicators were derived using several differe

Academics have had numerous responsibilities during the centuries. However, now with global climate changes and the attendant, looming crises, it is increasingly crucial that administrators, faculty members, graduate, undergraduate students, staff members and alumni work together with governmental.. non-governmental and industrial members in envisioning, societies that are truly sustainable. The v

Latency is a fundamental problem for all distributed systems including digital libraries. To reduce user perceived delays both caching-keeping accessed objects for future use-and prefetching-transferring objects ahead of access time-can be used. In a previous paper we have reported that caching is not worthwhile for digital libraries due to low re-access frequencies. In this paper we evaluate our

Syftet med denna studie är att analysera hur ungdomar som varit placerade på särskilda ungdomshem upplever, definierar och tolkar ett behandlingsprojekt, som involverade olika myndigheter, benämnt Motverka Våld och Gäng. Dessutom uppmärksammas hur de tolkade de i projektet anställda samordnarna. Den personliga aspekten i relationen mellan ungdomar och samordnare framställs som viktig och det verkThe purpose of this study is to analyse the way young people who were institutionalised in so called special youth-homes experienced, defined and iterpreted on the one hand the project “Motverka Våld och Gäng” (meaning: “Counteract Violence and Gangs”), and on the other hand the Coordinators employed in this project. There is a big variation in the perception of the coordinators. One common deno

Popular Abstract in Swedish I gruppen huvudhalscancer ingår tumörer i övre luftvägar och svalg. Riskfaktorer för huvudhalscancer är rökning och alkoholöverkonsumtion. Under de senaste 20-30 åren har det skett en påtaglig ökning av insjuknandet, 4-5% per år, i det som kallas orofaryngeal cancer. Orofaryngeal cancer utgår från mellansvalget; mandlar, tungbas och mjuka gommen. Ökningen sammanfaller mThe treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is surgery or (chemo)radiotherapy +/- surgery. Side effects related to therapy are long lasting and adversely affects quality of life. The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer is increasing and patients commonly present an advanced tumour stage with neck metastases at the time of diagnosis. The treatment protocol previously comprised rad

Popular Abstract in Swedish Arsenik (As) finns i grundvatten på många platser i världen, och mer än 100 miljoner människor världen över exponeras dagligen för As via dricksvatten. Kronisk exponering för As kan orsaka bl.a. cancer, hjärt-kärlsjukdom och diabetes. När As omsätts (metaboliseras) i kroppen bildas flera olika omsättningsprodukter (metaboliter) emellan vilka giftigheten skiljer sig åt. Over 100 million people around the world are exposed to high concentrations of arsenic (As) in drinking water, associated with a number of adverse health effects such as skin, lung and bladder cancer, vascular diseases and diabetes. In humans, As is metabolized via alternating reduction and methylation reactions, from inorganic As (iAs) into monomethylated (MMA) and dimethylated As (DMA). The most

Popular Abstract in Swedish Cancer i urinblåsan är ett stort hälsoproblem i Sverige och världen. Det är den femte vanligaste cancerformen i Sverige och är den som belastar sjukvården med högst kostnader per patient. Ungefär tre fjärdedelar av de drabbade är män och patienterna är oftast kring 60-80 år gamla. Den behandling vi idag kan erbjuda en person som drabbas av blåscancer har inte förändratsDecisions in the treatment of bladder cancer today are based on clinical and pathological risk variables such as tumor stage and tumor grade. The importance of these conventional risk variables is well documented since more than 10 years, and they are used routinely in the clinics. Over the last ten years, cancer research has seen a gradual transition towards personalized medicine, i.e. the exploi

Background: The variation in retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) as measured by Stratus optical coherence tomography (OCT) in healthy subjects may be reduced when the effect on RNFLT measurements of factors other than disease is corrected for, and this may improve the diagnostic accuracy in glaucoma. With this perspective we evaluated the isolated and combined effects of factors potentiall