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A stochastic model based on a probability density function (PDF) approach was developed for the investigation of spark ignition (SI) engine knock conditions. The model is based on a two zone model, where the burned and unburned gases are described as stochastic reactors, and the movement of the turbulent flame front is expressed with a Wiebe function. Using a stochastic particle ensemble to repres

Ekonomiska diskrepanser mellan länder och företag globalt skapar krav och behov för reglering av beviljande av bidrag eller statligt stöd på internationell nivå. I dess frånvaro skulle länder kunna ge vinster till produkter och kringgå konkurrens med otillbörlig förskjutning av varor som skulle ha behövt samma subventioner för att ha en ärbar chans att konkurrera med. Detta skulle bidra till ett öEconomic differences between countries and undertakings on a worldwide scale creates necessities for regulation on the granting of subsidies or State aid at the international level. In its absence, countries would be able to grant benefits to products and circumventing competition with unfairly displacement of goods that would have needed the same subsidies to have a decent chance at competing. Th

The European Border and Coast Guard was launched on October 6th, 2016. It was established through Regulation 2016/1624 and replaces the European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States. The Agency is more known as Frontex. The objective with this thesis is to examine two problems in Regulation 2016/1624 that was addressed at the negotiatio

Barnets bästa är den bärande principen i dagens barnrätt och härstammar ur såväl FN:s barnkonvention och föräldrabalken.1 Översiktligt går det att konstatera att de grundläggande tankarna om principen är att stärka respekten för barnets människovärde och integritet, samt som en etisk vägledning för alla enskilda bedömningar i mål som rör barnet. Det innebär att principen inte enbart ska tillämpas It is stated in both the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Children and Parents code, that all actions concerning children shall have the best interests of the child as the primary consideration. According to the 6th chapter 2(a) section in the Children and Parents code, the best interest of the child shall be the primary consideration in all questions concerning the child, both in

År 2012 formulerade fysikern Peter W. Higgs en teori om elementarpartiklar som kan skapas ur tomma intet. Om dessa partiklar utsätts för extremt höga hastigheter uppstår det friktion som tvingar fram en ny partikel, en så kallad Higgsboson. Utifrån två elementarpartiklar kan man skapa en ny massa, materia, som inte fanns där från början. Higgsbosonsteorin fick inom media och populärkulturen smeknaIn 2012 physicist Peter W. Higgins formulated a theory about elementary particles that can be created out of nothing. If these particles are exposed to extremely high speeds, friction arises which forces a new particle to form, a so-called Higgs boson. Based on two elementary particles, you can create a new mass; matter which was not there from the beginning. In the media, the Higgs boson was nick

Entrepreneurs often face the need to make quick decisions under uncertainty. To cope with this pressure, they may develop cognitive biases such as the illusion of control, where they overestimate their influence over outcomes, and the belief in the law of small numbers, where they rely on limited information to draw conclusions. While these biases are highly relevant in entrepreneurship, there is

This Bachelor’s degree project investigates how to create a modular chair system. It should let the consumer combine different parts to create a chair that fits their home, style and needs. The focus is on how a low number of parts can be used in different ways to create differentcombinations. It should also be easy to replace and recycle all parts when needed. This document shows the full design

Popular Abstract in Swedish I Sverige insjuknar två barn i autoimmun diabetes (typ 1 diabetes) varje dag. Typ 1 diabetes (T1D) är en kronisk autoimmun sjukdom som kan få livshotande konsekvenser vid utebliven behandling. Sverige har den högsta incidensen av T1D i hela världen efter Finland. Förutom att den delvis är ärftlig vet man inte vilken eller vilka faktorer som triggar sjukdomen. Sedan mittType 1 diabetes (T1D) is strongly associated with autoantibodies against insulin (IAA), glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GADA), insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2A) and the most recently identified zinc T8 transporter (ZnT8A). Together or alone, they are important both to predict T1D and to classify diabetes at the time of clinical onset. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs13266634 in th

We sought to evaluate the experiences and knowledge of health care providers in Sweden regarding female genital cutting (FGC) as a health issue. Questionnaires (n = 2,707) were sent to providers in four major cities in Sweden and evaluated by means of descriptive statistics. Twenty-eight percent (n = 769/2,707) responded, of whom 60% had seen such patients. Seven providers, including 2 pediatricia

HAMLET (Human Alpha-lactalbumin Made LEthal to Tumor cells) is the first member in a new family of protein-lipid complexes with broad tumoricidal activity. Elucidating the molecular structure and the domains crucial for HAMLET formation is fundamental for understanding its tumoricidal function. Here we present the low-resolution solution structure of the complex of oleic acid bound HAMLET, derived

Popular Abstract in Swedish ”Practice variation” I den kliniska vardagen ser man ofta slående variationer i handläggningsrutiner mellan läkare och vårdcentraler utan att detta kan förklaras av skillnader i sjuklighet hos patienterna. Dessa oförklarade skillnader benämns ”practice variation” och beror på lokalt förankrade rutiner ofta etablerade sedan länge. De är sällan vetenskapligt underbyggda uBackground and Aims: Differences in the clinical care of patients have been explained through the concept of practice variation, that is, the occurrence of established local medical procedures that varies between geographic areas. The primary measures introduced to eliminate undesirable differences in medical care are the introduction of medical guidelines and economical incentives that rewards th

It is a common viewpoint that human rights, justice and law are interlinked with the institutions that we as a society create. Does that mean that, without institutions, there can be no rights? The purpose of this thesis is to determine whether or not there can be such a thing as human rights when there is no state to enforce them effectively. To achieve this purpose i have performed an analysis o

This thesis seeks to determine whether it is possible to strike a regulatory balance between satisfying the interests derived from individuals' right to privacy and states' defence of national security. However, the goal of this work is not to conduct an abstract analysis of the interrelations of these, sometimes conflicting, interests but to find practical solutions to a present issue, th

Location information is exchanged among members of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) to serve many road and safety applications. Vehicles will announce their identity, position, and mobility information to their neighboring nodes. The importance of such information makes privacy a major concern. Successful implementation of VANET requires protecting the vehicle's identity at all times and preventi