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As a queen, a woman in the pre-modern period could interact with the learned society in several ways, either as a learned woman, or - like Hedwig Eleonora - by patronizing and participating actively in the intellectual culture of her time as a donor, an employer, and a foundress of learned institutions. In doing this, she sometimes accentuated her personal sympathies, be they in history, theology,

Background: Myocardial performance index (MPI) has been investigated in a variety of populations, but the effect of food intake has not been evaluated. We assessed whether myocardial performance index is affected by food intake in healthy subjects. Methods: Twenty-three healthy subjects aged 25.6 ± 4.5 years were investigated. MPI was measured before, 30 min after, and 110 min after a standardized

This paper presents theory and algorithms for covariance analysis and stochastic realization without any minimality condition imposed. Also without any minimality conditions, we show that several properties of covariance factorization and positive realness hold. The results are significant for validation in system identification of state-space models from finite input-output sequences. Using the R

BACKGROUND: If lungs from subjects dying of heart attacks could be used for transplantation, the lung donor shortage could be radically reduced. The aim of this study was to investigate, in an experimental survival model, the results of lung transplantation using lungs from non-heart-beating donors. METHODS: The left lung, topically cooled to 25 degrees C for 2 hours in situ after 5 minutes of cir

We use femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to study chlorophyll (Chl)-Chl energy transfer in the peridinin-chlorophyll protein (PCP) reconstituted with mixtures of either chlorophyll b (Chlb) and Chld or Chla and bacteriochlorophyll a (BChla). Analysis of absorption and transient absorption spectra demonstrated that reconstitution with chlorophyll mixtures produces a significant fraction

A computer program called IDAC-CAD2VOX has been constructed to create geometry input files from CAD drawings for the Monte Carlo simulation program MCNP. The ICRP reference phantoms are incorporated into the CAD drawings to estimate organ doses and the effective dose. The program is applied to a CAD drawing of a house and a 2D drawing of a radiation protection bunker. The created MCNP geometry wa

This paper presents and discusses a method using a range of techniques for assessing sensorial perception of product design and interaction. Collectively denoted ‘Five Senses Testing’, the purpose of the method is to facilitate the assessment of sensory experience related to product design and product use. Furthermore, the outcomes of using the techniques inform product design development by conne

This paper introduces a special issue of The History of the Family on sanitation and urban mortality. The special issue contains papers which focus on the impact of sanitary reforms on mortality change in Australia, Switzerland, Finland, Sweden, and England and Wales. The current paper outlines the main features of the debate over the causes of mortality change and the role played by sanitary refo

Is the Armenian Genocide a strictly historical matter? If that is the case, why is it still a topical issue, capable of causing diplomatic rows and heated debates? The short answer would be that the century old Armenian Genocide is much more than a historical question. It emerged as a political dilemma on the international arena at the San Stefano peace conference in 1878 and has remained as such

A purchaser/provider split together with output-based reimbursement were recently introduced by several Swedish county councils. These changes have been motivated by arguments of efficiency and consumer choice. This paper tests the null hypothesis that hospital services are provided as efficiently by county councils with internal markets and output-based reimbursement as by county councils with bu

We ask what caused poverty to decline in Brazil over the last decade. Our contribution lies in the introduction of a structural change perspective to assess the evolution of poverty by considering the sectoral impact of growth and the social policies at the federal, state and municipal level. We confirm previous findings in the literature that the service sector rather than agriculture contributes

Flaxseed has recently gained attention as a functional food, and the effect of adding flaxseed (10%, 15%, and 20%) to tortillas was evaluated. The physicochemical characteristics and the free fatty-acid (FFA) content of the oil extracted from flaxseed-added corn tortilla were determined. The results showed that the lipid (4.27%) and protein content (9.10%) of the control sample was statistically l