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What is normally described as bias? A possible definition comprises attempts to distort or mislead to achieve a certain perspective, i.e. subjective descriptions intended to mislead. If designers were able to exclude bias from informing systems, then this would maximize their effectiveness. This implicit conjecture appears to underpin much of the research in our field. However, in our efforts to s
This text offers some principal and methodogical issues on studies of timbre in words, music and vocal performance. Timbral relationships between word and music can be conceptualized as a continuum following an fictive axis running from meaning and timbre of words, through melody and music to performance. Sometimes the order might be different, but the ingredients will always be there. To get a gr
Victims of human trafficking have been designated as a group of migrants in need of special assistance and protection. As a result, a whole legal framework has been developed revolving around this group. Within Europe, this framework operates on two levels: the Council of Europe and the EU. EU law has added an additional layer of sophistication with its second generation of asylum legislation. The
Baylor and collaborators have demonstrated (Baylor & Plant, 2005; Baylor et. al., 2006) that the use of virtual pedagogical coaches portrayed as young and attractive women can increase the willingness of female students to apply for technical education and to help increase their selfefficacy. Pedagogical processes such as role modelling and identification seem to be involved (cf. Bandura, 1977
Abstract: In Chapter 3, written together with MimmiBarmark, we try to estimate the extent to which students’choices are guided and restricted by structural and symbolicboundaries, in order to point out the possible reasons forschool segregation between the different Natural Scienceschools. The analysis is divided into seven steps and basedprimarily not only on survey data, but also on interviewswi
We consider a fundamental problem for the betting interpretation of degrees of belief: There is a sense in which degrees of belief cannot be interpreted as betting rates. The bets we are disposed to accept do not reflect our current unconditional degrees of belief in various propositions. Whether a bet on A would be accepted or not does not depend on the agent’s degree of belief in A but rather on
This study deals with listeners' ability to identify linguistic units from linguistically incomplete stimuli and relates this to the potentiality of vowel reduction in a word. Synthetic speech was used to produce stimuli that were similar to real words, but where the vowel in the pre-stress syllable was excluded. Listeners then performed a lexical decision test, where they had to decide whether a
Polygenic effects have more than one cause. They testify to the fact that several causal contributors are sometimes simultaneously involved in causation. The importance of polygenic causation was noticed early on by Mill (1893). It has since been shown to be a problem for causal-law approaches to causation and accounts of causation cast in terms of capacities. However, polygenic causation needs to
Abstract Introduction: A great decline of wild pollinators has been observed, the decline is believed to be a result of many stressors, whereas pesticide usage being one of them. Wild pollinator insects are significantly important to maintain and preserve food production and biodiversity. Background: Pesticides are used to protect and enhance crop yield, by targeting insect and fungi pests. Imid
Change is the only constant; yet, as we step into the brave new world of taxing the digital economy, it might seem like the need and development of principles and rules for adequate profit allocation has only begun. This thesis discusses the profit allocation rules under the Unified Approach of the OECD Pillar One Proposal Amount A in relation to three identified principles of law in international
The Radical Right has seen a rise across Europe and the Americas. With parties positioning themselves against pre established political parties and structures. The issue of migration has become a central theme in political debates and policy with the radical right parties positioning themselves as anti-immigration parties. There have been claims that the radical right is growing in Japan as well,
