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The feasibility of temperature and concentration measurements using near-IR (similar to 1.5 mu m) water spectra obtained by fiber laser intracavity spectroscopy was evaluated. The spectra were registered with water vapor heated in a tubular oven at temperatures between 1000 and 1300 K and in adiabatic flames where temperatures were above 1800 K. Adiabatic flames of methane were stabilized on the h
This paper presents a model that can calculate the uptake of CO2 in all existing concrete structures, including its uptake after service life. This is important for the calculation of the total CO2 uptake in the society and its time dependence. The model uses the well-documented cement use and knowledge of how the investments are distributed throughout the building sector to estimate the stock of
To estimate current and future avoidable smoking-attributable costs in Sweden for the year 2007.
This study compares two approaches to the estimation of social welfare intervention costs: one "top-down" and the other "bottom-up" for a group of social welfare clients with severe problem behavior participating in a randomized trial. Intervention costs ranging over a two-year period were compared by intervention category (foster care placement, institutional placement, mentorship services, indiv
A spin-echo-modulated small-angle neutron scattering (SEMSANS) instrument in a time-of-flight (TOF) mode will be able to excel at pulsed neutron sources such as the European Spallation Source (ESS), currently under construction. This work compares experimental data from a TOF SEMSANS setup, where a spatial beam modulation of a white beam is obtained using triangular field coils, with Monte Carlo r
The generation and development of effective adsorption materials for arsenic removal are urgently needed due to acute arsenic contamination of water sources in many regions around the world. In the search for these new adsorbents, the application of nanomaterials or nanocomposites, and especially the use of nanoparticles (NPs), has proven increasingly attractive. While the adsorptive performance o
This study presents a novel approach for indirect integration of InAs nanowires on 2('') Si substrates. We have investigated and developed epitaxial growth of InAs nanowires on 2('') Si substrates via the introduction of a thin yet high-quality InAs epitaxial layer grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. We demonstrate well-aligned nanowire growth including precise position and diameter control
Background: Free and total human kallikrein 2 (hK2) might improve the discrimination between prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Concentrations of hK2 are 100-fold lower than concentrations of prostate-specific antigen (PSA); therefore, an hK2 assay must have a low detection limit and good specificity. Methods: PSA- and hK2-specific monoclonal antibodies were used in solid-phase, two
The European Commission stresses the importance of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) for the European economy. SMEs are held to be the "backbone" of the European industry and their prosperity will enable the EU to reach the Lisbon strategy's goals about growth and competitiveness. Yet large enterprises are normally seen as the influential business interests in European policy
To avoid eutrofication and excessive algal bloms it is necessary to reduce the phosphorus contents in wastewater. Previous wastewater treatment systems often have a good process for phosphorus reduction but in general not the ability to recycle the material and phosphorus for further utilisation after its use in wastewater treatment. Polonite® is a material with large content of calciumoxide wh
The philosophy of social science is today, from the perspective of the scientists themselves, dominated by the notions of quantitative and qualitative research. Social scientists make distinctions between a wide range of different aspects of research in terms of what is quantitative and qualitative. The purpose of this paper is to integrate these distinctions into a useful conceptualization. First
The biotechnology industry is an evolving sector of this century having potential to significantly influence our lives. It has unidentified potentials to contribute to sustainable development, but is also feared by society for its possible known and unknown impacts. Amplified transparency brought about by media, new concerns and expectations of society towards business as well as social criteria a
The importance of gender differences during conflict and peace-building have raised as a specific area of study both in the academy as well as among global institutions such as the UN. Among those, there is almost a pre-assumption that strengthening women's movements is positive for a peaceful and just solution. However, they fail to address the complex relationships between the conflicting pa
The phase field method emerged as a tool to solve free boundary problems with a sharp interface. In previous methods, this involved the computationally inefficient and complicated tracking of a moving interface. The phase field method overcomes this limitation by introducing an auxiliary variable called the order parameter which varies continuously over the whole domain and takes on finite values
Despite the increased focus on sustainable urban development both within academia and in urban planning practices, authors seem to agree that we are mostly continuing business as usual and are not embarking on different socio-environmental trajectories. On the contrary, such urban sustainability practices can often lead to processes of displacement and gentrification, thus worsening the conditions
När man jobbar med stora pogrammeringsprojekt är ett av de stora problemen att skriva koden så den går att underhålla. Skriver man kod som är lätt att underhålla är det också enklare att göra tillägg, ändringar och åtgärda problem. I detta projekt har två stora, liknande projekt undersökts för hitta likheter i koden. Om likheterna kan sammanföras till en generisk lösning kommer koden att vara lätWhen working with large programming projects, one of the major problems is to write the code so it can be maintained. If you write code that is easy to maintain it is also easier to extend, change and fix bugs in the code. In this project two large, similar projects were investigated to find similarities in the code. If the similarities could be brought together in a generic solution, the code wo
