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In May 2005, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was recognized for the first time in Libo Kemkem, Ethiopia. In October 2005, a rapid assessment was conducted using data from 492 patients with VL treated in the district health center and a household survey of 584 residents of four villages. One subdistrict accounted for 71% of early cases, but the incidence and number of affected subdistricts increased pr
Parental care can be partitioned into traits that involve direct engagement with offspring and traits that are expressed as an extended phenotype and influence the developmental environment, such as constructing a nursery. Here, we use experimental evolution to test whether parents can evolve modifications in nursery construction when they are experimentally prevented from supplying care directly
This paper discusses the role of mathematics in physics teaching and learning. The intention and strength of science is to describe what happens in the realworld by organizing explanations through theories and theoretical models. It has been widely suggested that learning in science is influenced by views about the nature of scientific knowledge. Furthermore, mathematics is an inherent part of the
The catanionic system didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB)-sodium taurodeoxycholate (STDC)-D2O is characterized by an exceptionally extended L1 region. The comparison of self-diffusion coefficient of the solvent and the DDAB embedded in the micelles provided information about hydration of the aggregates. Moreover, correlating self-diffusion and 14N NMR relaxation measurements new insight could
In the study of the odd-Z, even-N nuclei Es243 and Md249, performed at the University of Jyväskylä, the fusion-evaporation reactions Au197(Ca48,2n)Es243 and Tl203(Ca48,2n)Md249 have been used for the first time. Fusion-evaporation residues were selected and detected using a gas-filled separator coupled with its focal-plane spectrometer. For Es243, the recoil decay correlation analysis yielded a ha
We study the scaling properties of the differential cross section of elastic proton–proton (pp) and proton–antiproton (pp¯) collisions at high energies. We introduce a new scaling function, that scales – within the experimental errors – all the ISR data on elastic pp scattering from s=23.5–62.5 GeV to the same universal curve. We explore the scaling properties of the differential cross-sections of
A growing body of evidence points out the potential role of inflammatory mechanisms in the pathophysiology of brain damage in dementia. We have recently demonstrated that patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) display an intrathecal production of proinflammatory cytokines. TNF-alpha, one of these cytokines, leads to the production of nitric oxide (NO), a potent inflamma
Disease gene identification is still a challenge despite modern high-throughput methods. Many diseases are very rare or lethal and thus cannot be investigated with traditional methods. Several in silico methods have been developed but they have some limitations. We introduce a new method that combines information about protein-interaction network properties and Gene Ontology terms. Genes with high
Sclerosing injections under ultrasonographic guidance is a new method of treatment for persistent pain in Achilles tendinosis. Good results, even superior to those of surgery, have been described. We report the outcome of 25 patients with midportion tendinosis receiving sclerosing treatment. Twenty-eight consecutive patients (29 tendons) with ultrasonographical findings of midportion tendinosis ex
Environmental concerns such as global warming, the surge of crude oil prices and more stringent emission regulations are demanding the development of internal combustion engines that are highly efficient and low polluting. With classical internal combustion engine concepts such as diesel compression ignition and gasoline spark ignition engines, a trade-off exists between local and global emissions
Aortic aneurysms are rare manifestations in children with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) with life threating implications. Although an association between TSC, aortic and other aneurysms has been recognized, mechanistic insights explaining the pathophysiology behind aneurysm development and genetic aberrations in TSC have so far been lacking. Here, we summarize existing knowledge on aneurysms in
Mixing process is crucial for ignition and combustion in powder-fueled ramjets. The mixing performance depends mainly on the inlet layout. In this study, the effects of four popular inlet layouts were investigated and were found to significantly influence the particle distribution. In this study, the Savitzky-Golay approach was used to handle large amounts of data on particles to obtain clear peak
We celebrate Govindjee, Professor Emeritus of Plant Biology, Biochemistry, and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, on the occasion of his 90th birthday. He is renowned for his pioneering work in the discovery of the two-light reactions and two photosystems, PSI and PSII, leading to the Z-scheme of the electron transport chain; and for breakthrough advances in oxygenic photosynt
Skeletal muscles are functionally regulated by populations of so-called motor units (MUs). An MU comprises a bundle of muscle fibers controlled by a neuron from the spinal cord. Current methods to diagnose neuromuscular diseases and monitor rehabilitation, and study sports sciences rely on recording and analyzing the bio-electric activity of the MUs. However, these methods provide information from
Through the making of courses in Rehabilitation engineering entirely over the Internet, Certec has pedagogically achieved three things. The most obvious is that our education has become more accessible for disabled students. Not so obvious was the effects that came from making the familiar strange when we were transferring to the net: It was impossible to invent a ‘net-pedagogy’ by doing anything
