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To reduce the load on the operator of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) during long search and rescue, and monitoring missions, the concept of an automatic system is proposed, which directly on board performs a prelimi-nary analysis of images received from a high-resolution navigation video camera, determines areas of interest, and sets the position of an additional camera with a reduced viewing an
Frost is damaging to plants when air temperature drops below their tolerance threshold. The set of mechanisms used by cold-tolerant plants to withstand freezing is called “hardening” and typically take place in autumn to protect against winter damage. The recent incorporation of a hardening scheme in the demographic vegetation model FATES opens up the possibility to investigate frost mortality to
The SM2RAIN (soil moisture to rain) model has been widely used for rainfall estimation worldwide. However, due to the lack of sufficient ground observation, the SM2RAIN model driven by different passive microwave soil moisture products over the Tibetan Plateau has not been fully validated. In this article, four widely used satellite microwave soil moisture products (including SMAP, ASCAT, SMOS, an
Land remediation is an important part of restoration measures after a radioactive fallout containing long-lived fission products such as 137Cs. In this multidisciplinary study, we focused on three main issues related to remediation of contaminated urban areas. First, we assessed how much decontamination contributes to reducing resident radiation exposure and how much this reduction depends on the
Adolescence is a period of significant physiological changes, and likely a sensitive window to chemical exposure. Few nation-wide population-based studies of chemical body burdens in adolescents have been published. In the national dietary survey Riksmaten Adolescents (RMA) 2016–17, over 13 chemical substance groups, including elements, chlorinated/brominated/fluorinated persistent organic polluta
This article addresses the problem of basis correction in the context of linear switched-system (LSS) identification from input–output data. It is often the case that identification algorithms for the LSSs from input–output data operate locally. The local submodel estimates, identified individually by subspace algorithms from the input-output data, reside in different-state bases, which mandates p
Study region: In the Yangtze River basin of China. Study focus: We applied a recently popular deep learning (DL) algorithm, Transformer (TSF), and two commonly used DL methods, Long-Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), to evaluate the performance of TSF in predicting runoff in the Yangtze River basin. We also add the main structure of TSF, Self-Attention (SA), to the LSTM and G
BACKGROUND: This is an open-label, single-arm, single-center pilot study using 7-Tesla in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) to measure brain cortical glutathione concentration at baseline before and during the use of oral fumarates as a disease-modifying therapy for multiple sclerosis. The primary endpoint of this research was the change in prefrontal cortex glutathione concentr
Precipitation is a major component of the water cycle. Accurate and reliable estimation of precipitation is essential for various applications. Generally, there are three main types of precipitation products: satellite based, reanalysis, and ground measurements from rain gauge stations. Each type has its advantages and disadvantages. Recent efforts have been made to develop various merging methods
High- and low-latitude climatic processes in the North Pacific Ocean are important components of the global climate system. For example, the interplay among North Pacific atmospheric circulation, ocean circulation, and biological productivity affects atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and marine oxygen concentrations. Here we review recent research on the North Pacific paleoclimatic and paleoceanog
Objectives Registries have been highlighted as means to improve quality of care. Here, we describe temporal trends in risk factors, lifestyle and preventive medication for patients after myocardial infarction (MI) registered in the quality registry Swedish Web-system for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-based care in Heart disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies (SWEDEHEART). D
Aims/hypothesis: Low birthweight is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes but it is unknown whether low birthweight is associated with distinct clinical characteristics at disease onset. We examined whether a lower or higher birthweight in type 2 diabetes is associated with clinically relevant characteristics at disease onset. Methods: Midwife records were traced for 6866 individuals with type 2 diabe
Cold-season methane (CH4) emissions may be poorly constrained in wetland models. We examined cold-season CH4 emissions simulated by 16 models participating in the Global Carbon Project model intercomparison and analyzed temporal and spatial patterns in simulation results using prescribed inundation data for 2000–2020. Estimated annual CH4 emissions from northern (>60°N) wetlands averaged 10.0 ± 5.
The rainfall product derived from the SM2RAIN (Soil Moisture to Rain) algorithm has been widely used. However, there is still a large uncertainty partly due to the soil moisture input and parameters estimation of the SM2RAIN algorithm, which limits the application of the model in alpine regions. Here, the SM2RAIN-BayesOpt algorithm was developed by integrating the SM2RAIN algorithm and Bayesian op
Background: Violence due to firearms is a major global public health issue and vascular injuries from firearms are particularly lethal. The aim of this study was to analyse population-based epidemiology of firearm-related vascular injuries. Methods: This was a retrospective nationwide epidemiological study including all patients with firearm injuries from the national Swedish Trauma Registry (SweT
The CryoGrid community model is a flexible toolbox for simulating the ground thermal regime and the ice-water balance for permafrost and glaciers, extending a well-established suite of permafrost models (CryoGrid 1, 2, and 3). The CryoGrid community model can accommodate a wide variety of application scenarios, which is achieved by fully modular structures through object-oriented programming. Diff
Ground-level fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) are air pollutants that can pose severe health risks. Surface PM2.5 and O3 concentrations can be monitored from satellites, but most retrieval methods retrieve PM2.5 or O3 separately and disregard the shared information between the two air pollutants, for example due to common emission sources. Using surface observations across China span
Accurate and timely mapping of inundation extents during flood periods is essential for disaster evaluation and development of rescue strategies. With unique advantages over the optical sensors (e.g., little effect of clouds, and observations at day and night), Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors provide an important data source for mapping inundation, particularly during flood periods. Freely
