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The World Health Organization has a standardized tool to assess surgical capacity in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but it is often resource- and time-intensive. There currently exists no simple, evidence-based measure of surgical capacity in these settings. The proportion of cesarean deliveries in regard to the total operations (C/O ratio) has been suggested as a way to assess quickly
Technology foresight studies have become an important tool in identifying realistic ways of reducing the impact of modern energy systems on the climate and the environment. Studies on the future cost development of advanced energy technologies are of special interest. One approach widely adopted for the analysis of future cost is the experience curve approach. The question is, however, how robust
The topological characteristics of an IEEE 802.16 mesh network including the tree’s depth and degree of its nodes affect the delay and throughput of the network. To reach the desired trade-off between delay and throughput, all potential trees should be explored to obtain a tree with the proper topology. Since the number of extractable tree topologies from a given network graph is enormous, we use
Freshwater blooms of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) in source waters are generally composed of several different strains with the capability to produce a variety of toxins. The major exposure routes for humans are direct contact with recreational waters and ingestion of drinking water not efficiently treated. The ultra high pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry based analytical
Research on the role of nutrition in type 2 diabetes has largely focused on macro/micronutrient composition and dietary fiber intake, while fewer studies have tested the effects of differing food choice. Some observational studies and short-term intervention studies suggest that a food pattern mimicking the diet with which humans evolved positively influences glucose control and associated endocri
Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of neonatal morbidity in extremely preterm infants and to identify associated risk factors. Methods: Population based study of infants born before 27 gestational weeks and admitted for neonatal intensive care in Sweden during 2004-2007. Results: Of 638 admitted infants, 141 died. Among these, life support was withdrawn in 55 infants becaus
4-Substituted bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,6-diones have been synthesized and tested as substrates in the enantioselective reduction with baker's yeast to give the corresponding hydroxy ketones. It was found that the derivative bearing a TIPSO group at the 4-position was not reduced at all while that with a TBDMSO group gave 87% yield and 46% ee. Other 4-oxy functionalized derivatives were reduced with
We investigate a family of protograph based rate-compatible LDPC convolutional codes. The code family shows improved thresholds close to the Shannon limit compared to their uncoupled versions for the binary erasure channel as well as the AWGN channel. In fact, the gap to Shannon limit is almost uniform for all members of the code family ensuring good performance for all subsequent incremental redu
The political analysis that followed the eruption of rioting across Britain in 2011 resulted in a broad consensus that single-parent home environments, poor parenting and the lack of heteronormative familial structures were to blame. Little progressive political debate could be found in mainstream media, either about the nature of single-parent familial life, or about co-contributory factors that
The purpose of this case study is to identify the driving forces that motivated various companies to implement sustainable water management (SWM) voluntary initiatives in four Latin American countries: Panama, Colombia, Ecuador and Brazil. Additionally, the case study explores opportunities on how strategic stakeholders, such as government institutions, NGOs, IGOs, financing institutions, and the
Presents the introductory welcome message from the conference proceedings. May include the conference officers' congratulations to all involved with the conference event and publication of the proceedings record.
The Learning with Errors problem (LWE) is one of the main candidates for post-quantum cryptography. At Asiacrypt 2017, coded-BKW with sieving, an algorithm combining the Blum-Kalai-Wasserman algorithm (BKW) with lattice sieving techniques, was proposed. In this paper, we improve that algorithm by using different reduction factors in different steps of the sieving part of the algorithm. In the Rege
In this paper we address the problem of resource allocation for alarm traffic in industrial Internet of Things networks using massive MIMO. We formulate the general problem of how to allocate pilot signals to alarm traffic such that delivery is guaranteed, while also minimising the number of pilots reserved for alarms, thus maximising the channel resources available for other traffic, such as indu
Växtätare kan påverka ekosystemprocesser, dels genom långsiktiga förändringar av växtsamhällets sammansättning, men också på kortare sikt genom derasmatspjälkning av organiskt material som cyklas genom markens nedbryderorganismer och tillbaka till de primära producenterna. Särskilt störreväxtätare har studerats i stor utsträckning, men i vissa ekosystem som skogar kan de mindre ryggradslösa växtätHerbivory can influence ecosystem processes, partly through long-term changes of the plant community compositions, but also more rapidly through the herbivores’ digestive alteration of the organic matter that is cycled through the soil and back to the primary producers. In the Subarctic mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) forest (SMBF) in Northern Fennoscandia, outbreaks by the geo
Mobile and wireless data are in increasing demand worldwide. New trends such as the Internet of Things paradigm and the Smart City paradigm describe scenarios comprising thousands of devices all exchanging information amongst themselves wirelessly --- or through the WAN to another device, possibly connected to another WLAN. Operators and radio engineers are faced with the problem of designing effi
The digital twin is a rather new industrial control and automation systems concept. While the approach so far has gained interest mainly due to capabilities to make advanced simulations and optimizations, recently the possibilities for enhanced security have got attention within the research community. In this paper, we discuss how a digital twin replication model and cor
BACKGROUND: The gut microbiome is an important determinant of human health. Its composition has been shown to be influenced by multiple environmental factors and likely by host genetic variation. In the framework of the Milieu Intérieur Consortium, a total of 1000 healthy individuals of western European ancestry, with a 1:1 sex ratio and evenly stratified across five decades of life (age 20-69), w
This work addresses two related problems for on-line services, namely poor resource utilization during regular operating conditions, and low throughput, long response times, or poor performance under periods of high system load. To address these problems, we introduce our notion of quality-elasticity as a manner of dynamically adapting response qualities from software services along a fine-grained
