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This chapter starts with a description of the optics of camera-type eyes, in which an image is projected upon a retina with cornea and lens as refracting elements. Ray tracing is explained with the human eye as an example of a terrestrial vertebrate's eye. Then the comparison is made to camera eyes of aquatic and amphibious animals, with an explanation of different kinds of aberrations, difficulti
Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) is discussed as a strategy for institutional improvement of teaching and learning. Engagement in SoTL could be an individual enterprise focusing external networks including conference presentations and journal publications. This strategy could lead to development and improved teaching for the individual but not necessarily contribute to the developme
The base of the world economic pyramid, generally called the base of the pyramid (BoP), consists of four billion people with average per day income of four dollars. While some authors suggest a systems approach to design and develop products and services (i.e. interventions) for BoP markets, a little work has been carried out in this area. Furthermore, a framework to represent interventions in the
The immune system is an important part of the physiology of higher organisms. In the immune system antibodies play a key role in neutralizing and clearing potentially lethal threats from the environment. The importance of antibodies in the immune system has made them come to the attention as a tool in chemistry and medicine. This thesis, which is based on four original papers, deal with antibody d
This paper consists of two, somewhat disparate parts. In the first part, some experiences of two years of fieldwork are summarized, concentrating, as the subtitle suggests, on the very heart of phonetic fieldwork: the encounters and interviews with the informants. As a result of the fieldwork, the project now has access to recordings from approximately 1300 speakers of more than 100 dialects of Sw
This chapter focuses mainly on quality and a frame of reference to understand M-learning dimension concerns as course design, learning design, and media design and content. Consistent layout and design, clear organization, and presentation of information, consistency, easy-to-use navigation, and aesthetically pleasing design and graphics are dimensions that also have to be taken into consideration
This paper seeks to investigate how tourism marketing projects are used in order to promote cooperation within developing cross-border regions in Northern Europe.
The effect of airborne particulate matter on human health is today of considerable research interest. Essential parameters include elemental composition sampling with low pressure cascade impactors and analysis by particle induced x-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE). It is shown that the aerosol generated by arc welding operations is several orders of magnitude denser than aerosols in ambient air.
This essay aims to analyze the depiction of an ideal soldier in order to research whether these depictions perpetuate values and ideals found in the theoretical framework of militarized masculinity and the logic of masculinist protection. The selected material consists of official documents from both the Swedish Armed Forces as well as the United States Armed Forces, which will be analyzed through
Denna uppsats undersöker när, och vilken typ av, statligt stöd, till icke-statliga aktörer, utgör ett brott mot våldsförbudet enligt artikel 2(4) i FN-stadgan, med Nicaragua-domen som utgångspunkt. Internationella domstolen fastställde att beväpnande och utbildning av icke-statliga väpnade grupper utgör ett brott mot våldsförbudet, medan finansiellt och, vissa typer av, logistiskt stöd i regel falThis thesis examines when, and what type of, state support to non-state actors constitutes a breach of the prohibition on the use of force under Article 2(4), using the Nicaragua judgement as a central reference point. The ICJ established that arming and training non-state armed groups amount to an unlawful use of force, while financial and some forms of logistical support generally fall under the
With the advancement in autonomous driving technology, the shape of vehicle seats is expected to change. Against this backdrop, a study is required to verify whether or not the diversely-changing seat arrangements are appropriate from the emotional perspective of the driver. This study set the first-row passenger scat with an adjustable seatback, such as an upright position, a 15-degree rotation,
For many years, fascism in East Central and Southeastern Europe remained an overlooked aspect of the history of transnational and transatlantic fascism. This introduction provides a background on how this came to pass and why we should rethink this assumption. The introduction explains how the heterogeneity of East Central and Southeastern European fascism alters the general understanding of Europ
När den Europeiska ekonomiska gemenskapen bildades genom Romfördraget fanns inga uttryckliga hänvisningar till skyddet för de grundläggande rättigheterna. Den här uppsatsen beskriver framväxten av regelverket för de grundläggande rättigheter som har utvecklats av EU:s rättsväsende och lagstiftare i nära samarbete med medlemsstaterna och Europarådet. Målet med denna framställning är att presentera The Treaty of Rome which established the European Economic Community contained no explicit references to the protection of fundamental rights. This thesis describes the emergence of an EU acquis covering the field of fundamental rights developed by the EU judiciary and legislators in close cooperation with the Member States and the Council of Europe. The objective of this essay is to present the a
How will future developments in insulation affect current construction standards? Will it help to facilitate better construction solutions and slimmed-down designs? What price is reasonable for new insulation materials and what can be achieved with some of the newest features? With today's focus on environmental protection and improving environmental standards, energy efficiency in buildings h
