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Nonlinear harmonic generation has been described theoretically, and observed, in free-electron laser (FEL) amplifiers. The mechanism relies on the nonlinear, higher-order bunching when the fundamental reaches high intensities, and can also be expected in high-power FEL oscillators. We use the 3D polychromatic simulation code MEDUSA to study the nonlinear harmonic generation in FEL oscillators. Str

Several microbial pathogens have been reported to interact with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix. Here we demonstrate that M protein, a major surface-expressed virulence factor of the human bacterial pathogen, Streptococcus pyogenes, mediates binding to various forms of GAGs. Hence, S. pyogenes strains expressing a large number of different types of M prot

This essay tries to explore the dynamics of sisterhood as an important narrative aspect in Dodie Smith´s I Capture the Castle (1949) and Rachel Ferguson´s The Brontës Went to Woolworths (1931). Sisters mirror each other both within and outside the family. They can serve as convenient character types with distinct capabilities, strengths or weaknesses, while the family setting makes for excellent p

In the 1990s, two randomised clinical trials started in Scandinavia addressing whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is safe for women with previous breast cancer. We report the findings of the safety analysis in HABITS (hormonal replacement therapy after breast cancer-is it safe?), an open randomised clinical trial with allocation to either HRT or best treatment without hormones. The main end

Methyl beta-D-galactoside was converted to the corresponding 3,4-O-stannylene acetal, which was selectively benzylated with 3-iodobenzyl bromide and coupled to a polymer-bound propargylic ether via a Sonogashira reaction. The polymer-bound carbohydrate substrate was cleaved from the resin with different carbon nucleophiles in a cobalt-mediated Nicholas reaction. The product 3-O-alkynylbenzyl galac

We test the hypothesis that the spread in the age-metallicity plot of the solar neighborhood is due to a mixture of stars belonging to kinematically different sub-populations of the Galactic disk, i.e., the thin and the thick disk. We use a kinematic subsample of similar to 600 stars from a sample of similar to 6000 dwarf and subgiant stars from the Hipparcos catalog. All of these stars have a ful

This paper describes the distribution of accusative case and discusses the nature of the nominative / accusative distinction in the standard Germanic languages. In addition, it illustrates and discusses the well-known fact that inherent accusatives and certain other types of accusatives do not behave in accordance with Bruzio’s Generalization. In spite of these Non-Burzionian accusatives, there is

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