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Various physical limitations in electromagnetic theory and antenna theory have received considerable attention recently. However, there are no previous limitations on the scattering of higher order electromagnetic vector spherical waves, despite the widespread use of spherical wave decompositions. In the present paper, bandwidth limitations on the scattering matrix are derived for a wide class of

In this study an alternative integration scheme for elasto-plasticity based on a Diagonal Implicit Runge-Kutta (DIRK) scheme originally proposed by Ellsiepen (1999) is investigated. In contrast to clasical approaches, the DIRK scheme is applied to the balance of momentum as well as the constitutive evolution equations. The presented numerical algorithm is applied to an elastoplastic bounadry value

Popular Abstract in Swedish Den rykande startpistolen eller Konsten att ta tid på en flygande elektron Flygande elektroner kan berätta mycket om hur världen sitter ihop. Elektroner som lämnar ytan av något material avslöjar både vilka atomer som finns i materialet och hur de kemiska bindingarna ser ut. Allt detta är nödvändigt att förstå när man vill utveckla nya material – till exempel för kretTime-of-flight (TOF) techniques for energy analysis have been common in electron spectroscopy for many decades. TOF-based electron spectrometers benefit from higher transmission and information rate compared to their main competitor: the hemispherical analyser; the drawback being their lower energy resolution. However, the advent of angle-resolved TOF spectrometers for electron energy analysis cha

Biological nutrient removal processes for municipal wastewaters have received quite some attention during the past decades, especially due to the introduction of stricter legislation with respect to allowable effluent pollutant discharge limits. The necessity for performance improvement of existing activated sludge wastewater treatment plants (ASWWTPs) has created a need for detailed process model

This paper addresses the question of how to model individual behavior in the face of changes in the set of rules that govern the social welfare system in Sweden. To this end, the Swedish sickness insurance provides an excellent study object, since the system has often been changed during the past decade. The question of employee compensation for sick leave is one the more widely discussed aspects

A number of policy instruments are used in order to provide consumers healthy products produced in a proper way as regards environmental impacts. The policy instruments are mainly directed to enterprises and companies producing products. Such actors are often addressed in terms of laws or regulations and represents different actors in a production chain. Policy instruments and the way they are use

The local density theory is developed by Hohenberg, Kohn and Sham is extended to the spin polarized case. A spin dependent one- electron potential pertinent to ground state properties is obtained from calculations of the total energy per electron made with a `bubble' (or random phase) type of dielectric function. The potential is found to be well represented by an analytic expression corresponding