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Monitoring of permafrost has been ongoing since 1978 in the Abisko area, northernmost Sweden, when measurements of active layer thickness started. In 1980, boreholes were drilled in three mires in the area to record permafrost temperatures. Recordings were made twice per year, and the last data were obtained in 2002. During the International Polar Year (2007-2008), new boreholes were drilled withi
The welding procedure to seal copper canisters requires variable power input throughout the 45 minute long weld cycle to keep the probe temperature within the process window. By using a cascaded loop that determines the power input requirement, the controller will not be dependent on repeatability in the necessary power input between weld cycles, and the lag time in the probe temperature measureme
The equation-based Modelica language allows the modeller to specify custom functions. The body of a function is an algorithm that contains procedural code to be executed when the function is called. This language feature is useful for many applications; however, the insertion of a function often prevent model optimizations that require the model to be formulated in purely declarative form by equat
We present a decomposition approach to a class of social welfare optimization problems for optimal power flow in multi-region electricity networks. The electricity network is decomposed into multiple regions which decide independently over the amount of power produced within the region and exchanged with neighboring regions. We decompose the overall power flow (or social welfare) optimization into
Control-Based Operating System Design describes the application of system- and control-theoretical methods to the design of computer operating system components. It argues that computer operating system components should not be first “designed" and then “endowed with control", but rather conceived from the outset as controllers, synthesised and assessed in the system-theoretical world of dynamic m
In models of plant volatile isoprenoid emissions, the instantaneous compound emission rate typically scales with the plant's emission potential under specified environmental conditions, also called as the emission factor, ES. In the most widely employed plant isoprenoid emission models, the algorithms developed by Guenther and colleagues (1991, 1993), instantaneous variation of the steady-state em
Stability of Wardrop equilibria is analyzed for dynamical transportation networks in which the drivers' route choices are influenced by information at multiple temporal and spatial scales. The considered model involves a continuum of nonatomic indistinguishable drivers commuting between a common origin-destination pair in an acyclic transportation network. The drivers' route choices are affected b
Lately, much work in the area of voltage stability assessment has been focused on finding post-contingency corrective controls. In this article a contribution to this area will be presented where we investigate the surface of maximal loadability while allowing for post-contingency corrective controls. This objective is different from the usual, where the aim is to include the post-contingency cont
In this paper we consider the classical problem of finding a low rank approximation of a given matrix. In a least squares sense a closed form solution is available via factorization. However, with additional constraints, or in the presence of missing data, the problem becomes much more difficult. In this paper we show how to efficiently compute the convex envelopes of a class of rank minimization
This paper discusses the significance of physical models in engineering education. Obvious assets, drawbacks and the educational role of such models are discussed, and the idea of 'open physical models' is introduced. A couple of sophisticated open physical models (an unmanned rotorcraft and an inverted pendulum robot), used in control engineering courses, are presented. Basic ideas and concepts,
We propose a structure and motion estimation scheme based on a dynamic systems approach, where states and parameters in a perspective system are estimated. An online method for structure and motion estimation in densely sampled image sequences is presented. The proposed method is based on an extended Kalman filter and a novel parametrization. We derive a dynamic system describing the motion of the
A process industrial site may consist of several production areas, some producing intermediate products for further refinement in other areas, and some producing end products. The areas may share the same utilities, such as steam and cooling water, which means that the areas could be connected both by the flow of products through the site and by the use of the same utilities. Management of utility
In the present study, natural and anthropogenic sources of particulate organic carbon (OCp) and elemental carbon (EC) have been quantified based on weekly filter samples of PM10 (particles with aerodynamic diameter < 10 mu m) collected at four Nordic rural background sites [Birkenes (Norway), Hyytiala (Finland), Vavihill (Sweden), Lille Valby, (Denmark)] during late summer (5 August-2 September 20
A midlatitude hail storm was simulated using a new version of the spectral bin microphysics Hebrew University Cloud Model (HUCM) with a detailed description of time-dependent melting and freezing. In addition to size distributions of drops, plate-, columnar-, and branch-type ice crystals, snow, graupel, and hail, new distributions for freezing drops as well as for liquid water mass within precipit
This paper presents a novel control architecture for enhanced operator awareness and improved safety in telesurgical systems. We introduce an intermediate layer between the master and slave sides which allows us to modify the slave motion for safety and the force feedback for operator awareness. The intermediate layer is then designed with a performance objective for the specific task at hand. The
We analysed the responses of 11 ecosystem models to elevated atmospheric [CO2] (eCO(2)) at two temperate forest ecosystems (Duke and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiments) to test alternative representations of carbon (C)-nitrogen (N) cycle processes. We decomposed the model responses into component processes affecting the response to eCO(2) and confronted
Inresource-constrained systems, the interference generated by the concurrent execution of multiple controller tasks leads to extra delay and jitter, which degrade control performance and may even jeopardize the stability of the controlled system. This work presents a general methodology that integrates control issues and real-time schedulability analysis to improve the control performance in embed
