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Financial incentives offered to those who quit smoking have been found effective, also in persons with low socioeconomic status (SES), but no previous study has investigated who benefits most: smokers with low or high SES. In this community-randomized trial ("Richer without smoking"), three Danish municipalities were randomized to reward persons who were abstinent when attending the municipal smok

A respiratory virus emitted in an aerosol particle will experience a tough journey with many obstacles before finding a new host where it can cause an infection (Fig. 1). By every second, its chances to replicate decrease due to removal by building ventilation, deposition on surfaces, or loss in infectivity. Thus, the transport of infectious viruses from the exhaled breath of one person to the inh

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is the most common inflammatory rheumatic disease affecting people older than 50 years and is 2–3 times more common in women. The most common symptoms are pain and morning stiffness in the shoulder and pelvic girdle and the onset may be acute or develop over a few days to weeks. General symptoms such as fatigue, fever and weight loss may occur, likely driven by systemi

Path integration is a computational strategy that allows an animal to maintain an internal estimate of its position relative to a point of origin. Many species use path integration to navigate back to specific locations, typically their homes, after lengthy and convoluted excursions. Hymenopteran insects are impressive path integrators, directly returning to their hives after hundreds of meters of

The coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has affected both the private and public lives of people worldwide. Countries have chosen different strategies to reduce the spread of infection, including school closures and distance learning. This study aimed to describe school nurses’ perceptions about the wellbeing of students during the Covid-19 pandemic in Sweden. Interviews in five focus groups and

Simulations and comparisons on the influence of internal coolant crossflow of a novel film cooling hole design, called “sister holes”, and a baseline cylindrical hole were performed with an established turbulence model. The results show that sister holes can provide better film cooling performance than the baseline case at three blowing ratios, and as the blowing ratio increases the sister holes s

The auto-ignition caused by oblique shocks was investigated experimentally in a supersonic flow regime, with the incoming flow at a Mach number of 2.5. The transient characteristics of the auto-ignition caused by shock evolvements were recorded with a schlieren photography system, and the initial flame kernel generation and subsequent propagation were recorded using a high-speed camera. The fuel m

The development of new modes at x-ray free electron lasers has inspired novel methods for studying fluctuations at different energies and timescales. For closely spaced x-ray pulses that can be varied on ultrafast time scales, we have constructed a pair of advanced instruments to conduct studies targeting quantum materials. We first describe a prototype instrument built to test the proof-of-princi

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) in human pregnancy is associated with perinatal mortality, short- and long-term morbidities. No prenatal therapy is currently established despite decades of research. We aimed to review interventions in animal models for prenatal FGR treatment, and to seek the next steps for an effective clinical therapy. We registered our protocol and searched MEDLINE, Embase, and T

Calls for urgent action to conserve biodiversity under global change are increasing, and conservation of migratory species in this context poses special challenges. In the last two decades the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) has provided a framework for several subsidiary instruments including action plans for migratory bird species, but the effectiveness

OBJECTIVE: Trigger finger (TF) is a hand disorder causing the fingers to painfully lock in flexion. Diabetes is a known risk factor; however, whether strict glycemic control effectively lowers risk of TF is unknown. Our aim was to examine whether high HbA1c was associated with increased risk of TF among individuals with diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The Swedish National Diabetes Register (

Novel rotating-cylinder sliding vane rotary compressors (RC-SVRCs) are promising machines in energy conversion systems due to extremely low friction. However, three-dimensional visual investigations on geometrical optimizations of RC-SVRCs are highly limited. Besides, most flow mechanisms and leakage flow affected by geometric structures have not been fully revealed yet. Therefore, the sliding van

Heat exchanger network synthesis is an essential optimisation tool for Process Integration, particularly in energy-intensive industries. Proper design or retrofit of heat exchanger network can enable energy conservation, efficiency improvement, and process debottlenecking. Many earlier pieces of research have focused on the impact of the network structure and process features such as network topol

Introduction: A decrease in ischemic stroke (IS) incidence has been observed in high income countries during the last decades. Whether this has influenced the occurrence of aphasia in IS is uncertain. We therefore examined the incidence rate and potentially related determinants of aphasia in IS. Methods: We prospectively examined consecutive patients admitted to hospital with first-ever acute IS b

BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether low-level viremia (LLV), defined as repeatedly detectable viral load (VL) of <200 copies/mL, and/or transient viremic episodes (blips) during antiretroviral therapy (ART), predict future virologic failure. We investigated the association between LLV, blips, and virologic failure (VF) in a multi-center European cohort.METHODS: People with HIV-1 who started ART 2005

BACKGROUND: Emergency department (ED) crowding causes increased patient morbidity and mortality. ED occupancy rate (OR; patients by treatment beds) is a common measure of crowding, but the comparability of ORs between EDs is unknown. The objective of this investigation was to investigate differences in ORs between EDs using staff-perceived workload as reference.METHODS: This was a national cross-s

Jet impingement cooling was investigated on a flat heating surface placed in a flow channel, including single jet cooling, in-line double jet cooling, and combined crossflow and jet cooling; cross-flow cooling was a baseline for comparison. In addition, the in-line double jet cooling was explored with various jet distances. Local Nusselt number distribution was experimentally achieved by the liqui

Aim: To investigate school nurses’ experiences of health-promoting work to prevent stress in Swedish adolescents. Materials and methods: Swedish school nurses (n = 225) responded to a web survey with open-ended questions. The results were subjected to a qualitative content analysis. Results: Six categories were identified from the analysis: (1) Knowledge of body and soul, (2) Identifying stress an

The demand for fast and energy efficient (opto-)electronic applications needs high mobility semiconductor materials, such as InAs with a very high electron mobility and GaSb with a very high hole mobility. Beyond the material itself, also an innovative device geometry is needed, for example, the gate-all-around geometry that provides higher efficiency and electrostatic control for computational un