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The asymmetric ring-opening of epoxides is an important reaction in organic synthesis, since it allows for the enantioselective installation of two vicinal functional groups with specific stereochemistry within one step from a highly available starting material. An effective class of catalysts for the asymmetric ring-opening of epoxides is metal–salen complexes. This review summarizes the developm
Photoionization is a fundamental process in which an electron is emitted from an atom. The emission is traditionally considered to be symmetric with respect to the polarization axis, unless it is temporally confined to a period shorter than an optical cycle time. We demonstrate that this symmetry can still be broken by combining a train of a few attosecond pulses and a dressing laser field. The li
Recent studies of the Central Complex in the brain of the fruit fly have identified neurons with activity that tracks the animal’s heading direction. These neurons are part of a neuronal circuit with dynamics resembling those of a ring attractor. The homologous circuit in other insects has similar topographic structure but with significant structural and connectivity differences. We model the conn
Introduction: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an adverse metabolic state composed of obesity, hyperglycemia/pre-diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. It substantially increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality, and has a huge impact on public health. Area covered: The present review gives an update on the definition and prevalence of MetS, and its impact
The morphological structure of the nervous system is ultimately the basis of its function. Analyses of the anatomical layout of brain areas, single neuron morphologies, and the synaptic connectivity of neurons are therefore essential for a comprehensive understanding of the computational processes implemented in neuronal networks. Insect brains have long served as models to examine neuronal circui
Nanowire based solar cells hold promise for terrestrial and space photovoltaic applications. However, to speed-up and further continue with nanowire solar cell development, quick and reliable characterization tools capable of evaluating single nanowire performance of nanowires still standing on the substrate are necessary. Here, we present the use of a light emitting diode (LED) based setup, which
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is the most important cause of death in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to study the association between cardiovascular drugs in AF patients and incident CHF. The study population included all adults (n = 120 756) aged ≥45 years diagnosed with AF in Sweden diagnosed for the period 1998-2006. Outcome was incident congestive heart failure (follow-up 20
Background: There is a lack of studies of Parkinson's disease (PD) in immigrants. Objective: To study the association between country of birth and incident PD in immigrants in Sweden versus Swedish-born individuals. Methods: Study population included all adults aged 50 years and older in Sweden (n=2775736). PD was defined as having at least one registered diagnosis of PD in the National Patient Re
Background:Sleep affects psychiatric health and perceived stress during adolescence.Objective:The first aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of poor sleep in a sample of Swedish adolescents aged 15 to 19 years. The second aim was to investigate correlations between: a) sleep and psychiatric symptoms and; b) sleep and perceived stress. The third aim was to examine possible sex differ
The ammonia oxidation reaction over a PtRh binary alloy has been studied with a surface science approach by operando techniques such as near-ambient pressure X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) and surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD) combined with mass spectrometry. The article will explore the surface evolution across five different oxygen to ammonia ratios in the millibar regime for two diff
Objectives: To find possible predictive factors to predict the failure of conservative treatment of non-tubal ectopic pregnancy. For that purpose, we assessed the rate of failure, complications and need for additional interventions of the different primary treatment regimens in non-tubal ectopic pregnancies that occurred in our center. Study design: Retrospective single-center study conducted at H
Aims: To estimate the proportion of patients with a recent myocardial infarction (MI) who would be eligible for additional lipid-lowering therapy according to the 2019 European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias, and to simulate the effects of expanded lipid-lowering therapy on attainment of the low-density lipoprotein
Michelson interferometers have been routinely used in various applications ranging from testing optical components to interferometric time-resolved spectroscopy measurements. Traditionally, plate beamsplitters are employed to redistribute radiation between the two arms of an interferometer. However, such an interferometer is susceptible to relative phase fluctuations between the two arms resulting
Background: Symptom management in conjunction with proton beam therapy (PBT) from patient's perspective has not been explored. Such knowledge is essential to optimize the care in this relatively new treatment modality. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the process of symptom management in patients with brain tumor receiving PBT. Methods: Participants were 22 patients with primary bra
An ecofriendly design of low-cost electrochemical sensor activated by low-grade photo-thermal energy can be a prime stepping-stone for the perspective developments of various renewable energy conversion and utilization schemes. In this study, an investigation of n-type indium arsenide (n-InAs)/aqueous solution of orange dye (OD)/Zinc (Zn) sensor was carried out at various molarities of 1, 2, and 3
The separation of hot carriers in semiconductors is of interest for applications such asthermovoltaic photodetection and third-generation photovoltaics. Semiconductor nanowiresoffer several potential advantages for effective hot-carrier separation such as: a high degree ofcontrol and flexibility in heterostructure-based band engineering, increased hot-carriertemperatures compared to bulk, and a ge
Quantum wells in InAs/GaSb heterostructures can be tuned to a topological regime associated with the quantum spin Hall effect, which arises due to an inverted band gap and hybridized electron and hole states. Here, we investigate electron-hole hybridization and the fate of the quantum spin Hall effect in a quasi-one-dimensional geometry, realized in a core-shell-shell nanowire with an insulator co
Background: Studies on the incidence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among immigrant children and adolescents is limited and results are mixed. The aim of this study was to compare the ADHD risk between first- and second-generation immigrants aged 4–16 years and their native peers in Sweden. Methods: This was an open nationwide retrospective cohort study. We included 1,902,526 n
