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AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The primary aim of the study was to investigate the risk of developing gestational diabetes in women who were exposed to tobacco smoke in utero. Secondary aims were to assess the risk of obesity and non-gestational diabetes. METHODS: Data were retrieved from the Medical Birth Register of Sweden for women who were born in 1982 (when smoking data were first registered) or later and
In Sweden, evidence-based national guidelines for the indication for reduction mammaplasty in the public health-care system have been developed by a group of experts. They were defined as breast volume ≥800 ml at normal weight. Furthermore, a volume asymmetry of 25% or at least 200 ml or an extreme ptosis may be an indication in some cases. The aim of the present paper was to describe an easy-to-u
Semiconductor nanowires are widely used to interface living cells, and numerous nanowire-based devices have been developed to manipulate or sense cell behavior. We have, however, little knowledge on the nature of the cell-nanowire interface. Laminin is an extracellular matrix protein promoting cell attachment and growth. Here, we used a method based on fluorescence microscopy and measured the rela
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) aggravates the prognosis of patients with sepsis. Reliable biomarkers for early detection of AKI in this setting are lacking. Enkephalins influence kidney function, and may have a role in AKI from sepsis. We utilized a novel immunoassay for plasma proenkephalin (pro-ENK), a stable surrogate marker for endogenous enkephalins, in patients hospitalized with sepsis
The prevalence of obesity, as well as use of bariatric surgery, has increased worldwide. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential differences in the use of bariatric surgery among Swedes and immigrants in Sweden and whether the hypothesized differences remain after adjustment for socioeconomic factors.
BACKGROUND: Fetal exposure to maternal diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with high birth weight, congenital heart malformations, childhood adiposity, DM, hypertension and dyslipidemia. The long term cardiovascular consequences of fetal exposure to maternal DM during pregnancy and high birth weight are not known. METHOD: All individuals born in Sweden 1973-1988 (n=1,551,603) were included in the
Using scanning tunneling microscopy, we evaluate the surface structure and morphology down to the atomic scale for micrometers along Au-free grown InAs nanowires (NWs) free from native oxide. We find that removal of the native oxide (which covers the NWs upon exposure to the ambient air) using atomic hydrogen does not alter the underlying step structure. Imaging with sub-nanometer resolution along
Using in situ surface-sensitive electron microscopy performed in real time, we show that the dynamics of micron-sized Ga droplets on Ga P(111) can be manipulated locally using Au nanoparticles. Detailed measurements of structure and dynamics of the surface from microns to atomic scale are done using both surface electron and scanning probe microscopies. Imaging is done simultaneously on areas with
Simultaneous small-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS) were used to measure several properties of the nanoparticles and soot being produced and undergoing condensation and phase changes below a stabilizing cooling plate inserted in an ethylene diffusion flame. From the SAXS data several distinct size modes appeared showing interdependent changes in the size, shape/morphology, and
Background/Aims: Psychosocial intervention has shown positive effects on the caregivers' burden and satisfaction. The aims of this study were to describe the cost and cost-effectiveness of such an intervention. Methods: We analyzed resource use and costs of formal care for 308 persons with dementia and their caregivers' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Results: The costs of home help servic
Efficacy and safety of tiotropium+olodaterol fixed-dose combination (FDC) compared with the mono-components was evaluated in patients with moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in two replicate, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, multicentre, phase III trials. Patients received tiotropium+olodaterol FDC 2.5/5 μg or 5/5 μg, tiotropium 2.5 μg or 5 μg, or olodate
In this study well-ordered glycerol monooleate (GMO)-based cubic liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNPs) have been used as substrates for Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase in order to establish the relation between the catalytic activity, measured by pH-stat titration, and the change in morphology and nanostructure determined by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and synchrotron small angle
The effect of atomic oxygen adsorption on the structure and electronic properties of monolayer graphite (MG or graphene) grown on Pt(111) and Ir(111) has been studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy. For comparison, the adsorption of atomic oxygen on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite has been studied
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a hormone with regulatory effects on mineral metabolism and arterial calcification. We aimed to study the association between FGF23 and risk of incident subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in a nested case-control study.
Nano-scale alloy systems with at least one dimension below 100 nm have different phase stabilities than those observed in the macro-scale systems due to a large surface to volume ratio. We have used the semi-empirical thermodynamic modelling, i.e. the CALPHAD method, to predict the phase equilibria of the In-Sb nano-scale systems as a function of size and shape. To calculate the size- and shape-de
We aimed to validate a widely used US prediction model for vaginal birth after cesarean (Grobman et al. [8]) and modify it to suit Swedish conditions.
The Half Heuslers are currently an attractive family of compounds for high temperature thermoelectrics research, and recently, there has been renewed interest since some of these compounds are proposed to be topological insulators. NiTiSn belongs to the family of 18 valence electron Half Heuslers that are predicted to be semiconducting, despite being composed entirely of metallic elements. The gro
Background In many European countries, medicines promotion is governed by voluntary codes of practice administered by the pharmaceutical industry under its own system of self-regulation. Involvement of industry organizations in policing promotion has been proposed to deter illicit conduct, but few detailed studies on self-regulation have been carried out to date. The objective of this study was to
Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy we studied the coadsorption of the amino acid l-cysteine and gold on a rutile TiO(2)(110) surface under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Irrespective of the deposition order, i.e., irrespective of whether l-cysteine or gold is deposited first, the primary interaction between l-cysteine and the gold clusters formed at the surface takes place through the deprotonat
