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Ultrafast processes in matter can be captured and even controlled by using sequences of few-cycle optical pulses, which need to be well characterized, both in amplitude and phase. The same degree of control has not yet been achieved for few-cycle extreme ultraviolet pulses generated by high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in gases, with duration in the attosecond range. Here, we show that by varyi
We present a two-quantum well THz intersubband laser operating up to 192 K. The structure has been optimized using non-equilibrium Green's function model. The result of this optimization was confirmed experimentally by growing, processing, and measuring a number of proposed designs. At high temperature (T > 200 K), the simulations indicate that lasing fails due to a combination of electron-electro
Nanoparticles affect the immune system as they may interact directly with immune cells and activate them. However, it is possible that nanoparticles also interact with released cytokines and immunologically active enzymes. To test this hypothesis, the activity of myeloperoxidase released from activated neutrophils was measured in the presence of nanoparticles with different chemistry and size. In
Summary: We aimed to study the risk of hip fracture and risk of hip arthroplasty among farmers in Sweden. Our results indicate that farming, representing an occupation with high physical activity, in men is associated with a lower risk of hip fracture but an increased risk of hip arthroplasty. Introduction: The risks of hip fracture and hip arthroplasty are influenced by factors including socioeco
Background: The identification of mismatch-repair (MMR) defective colon cancer is clinically relevant for diagnostic, prognostic and potentially also for treatment predictive purposes. Preselection of tumors for MMR analysis can be obtained with predictive models, which need to demonstrate ease of application and favorable reproducibility. Methods. We validated the MMR index for the identification
The electron kinetics in nanowire-based hot-carrier solar cells is studied, where both relaxation and extraction are considered concurrently. Our kinetics is formulated in the many-particle basis of the interacting system. Detailed comparison with simplified calculations based on product states shows that this includes the Coulomb interaction both in lowest and higher orders. While relaxation rate
In this work, we propose and simulate a novel amplifier based on Weyl semi-metals, e.g. WP2 and MoP2. These topological materials have been shown to exhibit extremely large magnetoresistance at cryogenic conditions. In the proposed device, a gate current induces a local magnetic field which controls the resistivity of the Weyl semi-metal channel and the resulting output current. Simulations of the
We have investigated the structure of an ultrathin iron oxide phase grown on Ag(100) using surface X-ray diffraction in combination with Hubbard-corrected density functional theory (DFT+U) calculations. The film exhibits a novel structure composed of one close-packed layer of octahedrally coordinated Fe2+ sandwiched between two close-packed layers of tetrahedrally coordinated Fe3+ and an overall s
The integration of metallic plasmonic nanoantennas with quantum emitters can dramatically enhance coherent harmonic generation, often resulting from the coupling of fundamental plasmonic fields to higher-energy, electronic or excitonic transitions of quantum emitters. The ultrafast optical dynamics of such hybrid plasmon–emitter systems have rarely been explored. Here, we study those dynamics by i
The rise of populist parties and movements in general and right-wing populist parties in particular has been noted also in the public health literature. While economic and other factors behind the populist surge have been systematically analyzed in the political and social science literature, the understanding of this political phenomenon seems weak in important parts of the public health literatu
To overcome the large discrepancy in speed between computational devices and that of contemporary large capacity non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies, resistive random access memory (RRAM) technologies are seen as promising candidates, offering speed/energy improvements in several orders of magnitude while being 3D integration compatible [1]. Indium-Tin-Oxide (ITO) has several unique properties
Metal halide perovskite semiconductors often exhibit photoluminescence blinking and flickering when luminescence of individual small nano- or even microcrystals is monitored. The nature of these fluctuations is not well understood but must be related to the presence of metastable non-radiative recombination channels and efficient charge migration in these materials. Here we report on the excitatio
Placebo comparisons are increasingly being considered for randomised trials assessing the efficacy of surgical interventions. The aim of this Review is to provide a summary of knowledge on placebo controls in surgical trials. A placebo control is a complex type of comparison group in the surgical setting and, although powerful, presents many challenges. This Review outlines what a placebo control
Purpose: A degenerative meniscus lesion is a slowly developing process typically involving a horizontal cleavage in a middle-aged or older person. When the knee is symptomatic, arthroscopic partial meniscectomy has been practised for a long time with many case series reporting improved patient outcomes. Since 2002, several randomised clinical trials demonstrated no additional benefit of arthroscop
Objectives: We have observed clinical cases where bone is formed in the overlaying muscle covering surgically created bone defects treated with a hydroxyapatite/calcium sulphate biomaterial. Our objective was to investigate the osteoinductive potential of the biomaterial and to determine if growth factors secreted from local bone cells induce osteoblastic differentiation of muscle cells. Materials
