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Background: The pathological process in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) probably starts decades before the onset of symptoms and the clinical AD diagnosis. In patients with AD, the level of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ42) is usually lower, and the levels of total tau (T-tau) and phosphorylated tau (P-tau) higher than in healthy elderly people. However, the cutoffs differ between studies an

In epidemiological and twin populations, prior interview studies have identified an externalizing spectrum of disorders. Could this be detected utilizing objective registry data? In 20,603 twin pairs from the Swedish Twin Registry, we obtained information from national medical, criminal and pharmacy records on drug abuse (DA), criminal behavior (CB) and alcohol use disorders (AUD). Multivariate tw

Background: A varying response to cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) treatment has been reported among patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whether the individual-specific response, specific ChEI agent or dose affects mortality is unclear. We aimed to examine the relationship between the 6-month response to ChEI and lifespan. Methods: Six hundred and eighty-one deceased patients with a clinical AD

Objectives Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis with a clear genetic component. To identify novel loci associated with hip OA we performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on European subjects. Methods We performed a two-stage meta-analysis on more than 78 000 participants. In stage 1, we synthesised data from eight GWAS whereas data from 10 centres wer

Risk and vulnerability analyses can play important roles in the society’s proactive emergency management. This thesis addresses two ways of improving the analysis of risk and vulnerability analysis in this context. First, by developing methods for risk and vulnerability analysis of technical infrastructure networks and emergency response systems. Secondly, by aiming to improve practises related to

Obesity is a complex disease with multiple well-defined risk factors. Nevertheless, susceptibility to obesity and its sequelae within obesogenic environments varies greatly from one person to the next, suggesting a role for gene x environment interactions in the etiology of the disorder. Epigenetic regulation of the human genome provides a putative mechanism by which specific environmental exposur

In this letter, we present a 15-nm-diameter InAs nanowire MOSFET with excellent on and off characteristics. An n-i-n doping profile was used to reduce the source and drain resistances, and an Al2O3/HfO2 bilayer was introduced in the high-k process. The nanowires exhibit high drive currents, up to 1.25 A/mm, normalized to the nanowire circumference, and current densities up to 34 MA/cm2 (VD = 0.5 V

Background: To investigate hand bone loss (HBL) measured by digital X-ray radiogrammetry (DXR) in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving different treatment regimens, and to evaluate if DXR change rates during the first 12 months correlate with radiological damage after 24 months. Methods: From the total SWEFOT trial population, 159 patients had hand radiographs correctly timed an

Objectives: An observed variation in the risk of celiac disease, according to the season of birth, suggests that vitamin D may affect the development of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate if vitamin D concentration is associated with the risk of celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA) in genetically at-risk children. Study Design: Children prospectively followed in the multinational T

INTRODUCTION Despite preeclampsia being one of the most severe obstetrical complications there is only scant research describing women's experiences of preeclampsia. The aim of this study was to explore women's experience during pregnancy and the postpartum period regarding the provided information and care concerning preeclampsia. METHODS A qualitative study was designed. Semi-structured face-to-

Background: New variants are evolving in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and receptor binding domain (RBD) mutations have been associated with a higher capacity to evade neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). We aimed at determining the impact of COVID-19 vaccine and infection on human milk antibody titers and activity against the RBD mutations from SARS-CoV-2 variants of co

Background: According to the “brain-reserve hypothesis” in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), patients with more years of education are expected to have higher cognitive status during adulthood. Hence, they might have a relatively larger burden of AD pathology and a more advanced level of the disease when dementia is clinically evident. Higher educated people would also be expected to perform better on sta

The second most common neurodegenerative disease, Parkinson’s disease, is linked with an amyloid forming protein, alpha-synuclein. Hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease are progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and accumulation of intraneuronal inclusions termed Lewy bodies. Major components of Lewy bodies are amyloid fibrils formed by alpha-synuclein and various lipids and cell organelles. In this

BACKGROUND: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are associated with conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease (AD), but their predictive value for later end-points has been less evaluated with inconsistent results.OBJECTIVE: We investigated potential relationships between CSF amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ42), phosphorylated tau (P-tau), and total tau (T-tau) with time to nursing home p

BACKGROUND: With a growing elderly population worldwide, the prevalence of dementia is rapidly increasing. Studies from high income countries have shown that belonging to a minority ethnic group increases the risk of health disadvantages.OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present registry-based study was to identify potential differences in diagnostics, treatment, and care of individuals with dementia focu

Chaperones protect other proteins against misfolding and aggregation, a key requirement for maintaining biological function. Experimental observations of changes in solubility of amyloid proteins in the presence of certain chaperones are discussed here in terms of thermodynamic driving forces. We outline how chaperones can enhance amyloid solubility through the formation of heteromolecular aggrega

Objective: To investigate the risk of stillbirth or neonatal death before 45 post-menstrual weeks in relation to gestational duration, stratified by body mass index (BMI) and parity. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Data from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. Population: Singleton, cephalic births at between 39+0 and 42+2 weeks of gestation, 2005–2016 (n = 892 339). Methods: Relative risk r

Background: Uncomplicated cystitis is one of the most common reasons for antibiotic treatment in otherwise healthy women. Nationwide studies on antibiotic treatment for this infection and in relation to factors beyond the infection itself have hitherto not been available. Methods: This was a nationwide open cohort study consisting of 352,507 women aged 15–50 years with uncomplicated cystitis (2006

Chirality is a fundamental feature of asymmetric molecules and of critical importance for intermolecular interactions. The growth of amyloid fibrils displays a strong enantioselectivity, which is manifested as elongation through the addition of monomers of the same, but not opposite, chirality as the parent aggregate. Here we ask whether also secondary nucleation on the surface of amyloid fibrils,