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Are daughters of older mothers less fertile? The human mutation rate is high and increases with chronological age. As female oocytes age, they become less functional, reducing female chances at successful reproduction. Increased oocyte mutation loads at advanced age may be passed on to offspring, decreasing fertility among daughters born to older mothers. In this paper we study the effects of mate
Objectives Socioeconomic disparities in smoking prevalence remain a challenge to public health. The objective of this study was to present a simple methodology that displays intersectional patterns of smoking and quantify heterogeneities within groups to avoid inappropriate and potentially stigmatising conclusions exclusively based on group averages. Setting This is a cross-sectional observational
In situ studies using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can provide insights to how properties, structures and compositions of nanostructures are affected and evolving when exerted to heat or chemical exposure. While high-resolved imaging can be obtained continuously, at video-framerates of hundreds of frames per second (fps), compositional analysis struggles with time resolution due to the l
The ability to control the shape, distribution and composition of non-metallic inclusions has had an important impact on many aspects of steel making. One such impact is on the machinability. Ca-treatments have shown to be able to reduce the abrasiveness of oxide inclusions, improve chip-breaking and lead to formation of deposits that reduce tool wear. However, machining Ca-treated steels with Al2
The primary tool material when machining Ti6Al4V titanium alloy is uncoated straight cemented carbide. This study examines the performance of these materials during high-speed finish turning, and uses the advanced microscopy methods of SEM, (S)TEM, XEDS, and SAED to explore the fundamental tool wear mechanisms. The wear modes include a combination of flank wear and rake cratering. Four individual
Introduction: Data on outcome in persons with haemophilia B (PwHB) are limited and mainly extrapolated from studies of haemophilia A (HA). Aim: To characterize treatment outcomes in persons with severe HB in the Nordic region, with a focus on joint health, compared with matched controls with HA. Methods: PwHB attending haemophilia centres in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden were enrolled and ma
Hard turning of helical gear hubs produced from low-carbon alloyed steel with a bulk hardness of HRC 35, and case hardened up to HRC 60–63 with PCBN tools was considered in this study. The workpieces after heat treatment are characterized by a non-uniform thickness of the hardened surface layer which results in a high variation of measured HRC hardness. The deviation of surface microhardness is ev
This study analyzes the association between neighborhood social class in childhood and later-life health trajectories, controlling for both class origin and class attainment in adulthood. We study the association between socio-spatial neighborhood conditions throughout childhood and a range of health outcomes in adulthood. To measure childhood conditions, we utilize unique longitudinal micro-data
Background: Studies carried out in simulated environments suggest that checklists improve the management of surgical and intensive care crises. Whether checklists improve the management of medical crises simulated in actual emergency departments (EDs) is unknown. Methods: Eight crises (anaphylactic shock, life-threatening asthma exacerbation, haemorrhagic shock from upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Workplace-collected blood spots deposited on filter paper were analysed with multiplexed affinity-based protein assays and found to be suitable for proteomics analysis. The protein extension assay (PEA) was used to characterize 92 proteins using 1.2 mm punches in repeated samples collected from 20 workers. Overall, 97.8% of the samples and 91.3% of the analysed proteins passed quality control. Bot
Abstract: The physicomechanical properties and structure of superhard cBN–Ti4WC5–Al materials were studied. The materials were sintered under a pressure of 7.7 GPa within a broad range of temperatures (1600–2450°C). The formation of a dense material with high physicomechanical properties was found at a sintetring temperature of 1800°C. A further increase in the sintering temperature had a negligib
Tungsten (W) and niobium (Nb) belong to the refractory metal group and are used as alloying elements in steels and superalloys for high demand products. These metals are also used in a high purity single-phase state for products within nuclear, space, military and research facilities.In the current study, tool wear development and surface quality at different cutting conditions have been evaluated
Image Processing is rapidly expanding as a technique for object and defect analysis because of the high ease of its coupling to automation and IT solutions. Yet, issues with transferability of the measurement approaches and metrics currently used in mechanical systems often remain unsolved. Study reports on the developed approach for shape and defectiveness characterization by combining Delaunay t
Metal halide perovskites show great promise for a wide range of optoelectronic applications but are plagued by instability when exposed to air and light. This work presents low-temperature solution growth of vertically aligned CsPbBr3 nanowire arrays in AAO (anodized aluminum oxide) templates with excellent stability, with samples exposed to air for 4 months still exhibiting comparable photolumine
Proposals for quantum information applications are frequently based on the coherent manipulation of spins confined to quantum dots. For these applications, p-type III-V material systems promise a reduction of the hyperfine interaction while maintaining large g factors and strong spin-orbit interaction. In this Letter, we study bottom-gated device architectures to realize single and serial multiqua
Objective: Medical crises occur rather seldom in the primary care setting, but when they do, initial management impacts on morbidity and mortality. Factors that impede the performance of emergency interventions in primary care have not been studied through in-situ simulation. Checklists reportedly improve crisis management. Design: This randomized controlled trial evaluated emergency intervention
The nanowire geometry is favorable for the growth of ternary semiconductor materials, because the composition and properties can be tuned freely without substrate lattice matching. To achieve precise control of the composition in ternary semiconductor nanowires, a deeper understanding of the growth is required. One unknown aspect of seeded nanowire growth is how the composition of the catalyst nan
The quality, such as long-range correlation and mobility, of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is limited by, among other factors, interface roughness, which is inherent to the use of compositional heterostructures. Polytypic heterostructures have atomically sharp interfaces and minimal strain, decreasing the interface roughness, which may increase the mobility and long-range correlation of 2D
Crystal phase defined heterostructures, or polytype heterostructures, are atomically sharp with no intermixing, which makes them ideal contenders for a wide number of applications. Although polytype quantum dots have shown promising results as single photon sources, a high degree of control on the dimensions and number of polytype quantum dots is necessary before any application can be developed.I
