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Solar cells based on conjugated polymer and fullerene blends have been developed as a low-cost alternative to silicon. For efficient solar cells, electron-hole pairs must separate into free mobile charges that can be extracted in high yield. We still lack good understanding of how, why and when carriers separate against the Coulomb attraction. Here we visualize the charge separation process in bul

A molecular level understanding of the structural reorganization accompanying interfacial electron transfer is important for rational design of solar cells. Here we have applied XTA (X-ray transient absorption) spectroscopy to study transient structures in a heterogeneous interfacial system mimicking the charge separation process in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with Ru(dcbpy)(2)(NCS)(2) (RuN3)

Background - Arthroscopic meniscal surgery is the most common orthopedic procedure, and the incidence has increased in Denmark over the last 10 years. Concomitantly, several randomized controlled trials have shown no benefit of arthroscopic procedures including arthroscopic partial meniscectomy in middle-aged and older individuals suffering from knee pain with or without knee osteoarthritis. We ex

A high degree of meniscal body extrusion on knee magnetic resonance imaging has been shown to be strongly associated with development of knee osteoarthritis. However, very little is known about meniscal position in the asymptomatic knee and its natural history. Hence our objective was to study meniscal body position and its change over 4 years in asymptomatic adults.

Background: We investigated whether a varied consumption of vegetables and fruits is associated with lower lung cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Methods: After a mean follow-up of 8.7 years, 1,613 of 452,187 participants with complete information were diagnosed with lung cancer. Diet diversity scores (DDS) were used to quantify the variety in f

The structural characteristics of Ba-Fe double hydroxides were studied by various methods, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) fluorescence and X-ray absorption spectroscopies (XAS). It was verified that under hyperalkaline conditions (using 10 M or 20 M NaOH solution for precipitating the substances) layered double hydroxides could be prepared and the structu

Aim of the study was to access how individual's motives for participation in sports impact on self-reported outcomes 2 years after an anterior cruciate ligament injury. Based on a longitudinal cohort study, this secondary analysis present data from the Knee Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Nonsurgical versus Surgical Treatment (KANON) study, a randomized controlled trial. At baseline, 121 patients reco

Escherichia coli flavohemoglobin (HMP), which contains one heme and one FAD as prosthetic groups and is capable of reducing O-2 by its heme at the expense of NADH oxidized at its FAD site, was electrochemically studied at graphite (Gr) electrodes. Two signals were observed in voltammograms of HMP adsorbed on Gr, at -477 and -171 mV vs. Ag vertical bar AgCl, at pH 7.4, correlating with electrochemi

A light-induced photoluminescence (PL) enhancement in surface-deposited methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) perovskites was investigated in detail using time-resolved luminescence microscopy. We found the PL intensity to increase up to three orders of magnitude upon light illumination with an excitation power density of 0.01-1 W cm(-2). The PL enhancement is accompanied by an increase of the P

Objective: To determine the effect of a nature-assisted rehabilitation programme in a group of patients with reactions to severe stress and/or mild to moderate depression. Changes in sick-leave status and healthcare consumption in these patients were compared with those in a matched population-based reference cohort (treatment as usual). Design: Retrospective cohort study with a matched reference

Objectives:We hypothesized that common variants in the collagen genes COL4A1/COL4A2 are associated with sporadic forms of cerebral small vessel disease.Methods:We conducted meta-analyses of existing genotype data among individuals of European ancestry to determine associations of 1,070 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the COL4A1/COL4A2 genomic region with the following: intracerebr

Nonlamellar lipid liquid crystalline (LC) bulk phases and dispersions show promise as functional nanostructured materials for potential use as controlled release matrices e. g. in pharmaceuticals. Herein, methods for preparing and characterizing thin films of lipid liquid crystalline phases on solid surfaces are presented. The thickness, hydration phase structure and surface topography of spin-coa

The Orange Carotenoid Protein (OCP) is a photoactive water soluble protein that is crucial for photoprotection in cyanobacteria. When activated by blue-green light, it triggers quenching of phycobilisome fluorescence and regulates energy flow from the phycobilisome to the reaction center. The OCP contains a single pigment, the carotenoid 3'-hydroxyechinenone (hECN). Binding to the OCP causes a con

Gluconobacter oxydans whole cells and membrane fractions in combination with ferrocene mediators were used to study oxidation of ethanol. The efficiency of mediator?enzyme interaction was assessed by the ratio of maximum current to the apparent Michaelis constant (Imax/KM) for saturating mediator concentrations. The bioelectrocatalytic processes were found to be more efficient with membrane fracti

Objectives: To perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using the Immunochip array in 3,420 cases of ischemic stroke and 6,821 controls, followed by a meta-analysis with data from more than 14,000 additional ischemic stroke cases. Methods: Using the Immunochip, we genotyped 3,420 ischemic stroke cases and 6,821 controls. After imputation we meta-analyzed the results with imputed GWAS data fr

OBJECTIVE: A main purpose of physical education (PE) in school is to promote future health. However, there is very limited evidence of the effects of PE on the adult health. We hypothesized that a low performance in PE was associated with an increased risk of health impairment by middle age. METHODS: We performed a cohort study in a community-based setting in Sweden spanning over three decades. W