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Droplet-based microfluidics is a widely used technology in various chemical and biological applications. Droplet formation is an essential part of droplet-based microfluidics. This work applied and summarized a combination of techniques for speeding up computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations based on the Volume of Fluid method for the droplet generation process. To demonstrate the efficienc

This work experimentally tests and numerically investigates the heat transfer augmentation, the flow characteristics and the overall thermal performance of truncated ribs in a rectangular channel with an aspect ratio of 1:4 designed by using the fractal theory. The liquid crystal thermography (LCT) method in steady-state is adopted and the three-dimensional CFD numerical simulations with an establ

The present work concentrates on perforated 90° ribs to improve the thermal performances in a rectangular cooling channel with an aspect ratio of 4:1. Three different types of perforated ribbed channels are designed and compared. Steady-state Liquid Crystal Thermography (LCT) is employed to measure surface temperature and derive heat transfer coefficients over the ribbed surfaces in the tested cha

We present a simple method for choosing an efficient h igh-order harmonic generation (HHG) gas target, given the driving laser characteristics. The predictions are validated by simulations based on solving the time-dependent Schrödinger and propagation equations.

Recently, nonwetting surfaces have attracted explosive attention in the community of dropwise condensation. Prediction models have been used to improve the fundamental understanding of dropwise condensation heat transfer. However, the multiscale heat transfer characteristics of individual droplets and the quantitative heat transfer evaluation of the droplet growth on different condensing surfaces

Quantum computers based on rare-earth-ion-doped crystals show promising properties in terms of scalability and connectivity if single ions can be used as qubits. Through simulations, we investigate gate operations on such qubits. We discuss how gate and system parameters affect gate errors, the required frequency bandwidth per qubit, and the risk for instantaneous spectral diffusion (ISD). Further

A key parameter for the low-temperature magnetic coupling of in dinuclear lanthanide single-molecule magnets (SMMs) is the barrier UFA resulting from the exchange and dipole interactions between the two 4f moments. Here we extend the pseudospin model previously used to describe the ground state of dinuclear endofullerenes to account for variations in the orientation of the single-ion anisotropy ax

A synoptic overview of scientific methods applied in bone and associated research fields across species has yet to be published. Experts from the EU Cost Action GEMSTONE (“GEnomics of MusculoSkeletal Traits translational Network”) Working Group 2 present an overview of the routine techniques as well as clinical and research approaches employed to characterize bone phenotypes in humans and selected

Context: In a recent study a pattern of 27 metabolites, including serum glycine, associated with bone mineral density (BMD). Objective: To investigate associations for serum and urinary glycine levels with BMD, bone microstructure, and fracture risk in men. Methods: In the population-based Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Sweden study (men, 69-81 years) serum glycine and BMD were measured at b

It is widely known that most of the heat transfer and pressure drop measurements in heat exchangers are global measurements that are based on surface averaged parameters that do not measure the growth of the hydraulic and thermal boundary layer. Recent local heat transfer coefficient investigations on hydrocarbon condensation in plate heat exchangers suggest that the mean heat transfer coefficient

The viscosity of ionanofluids consisting of the two ionic liquids (ILs), 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([emim][DCA]) and 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide ([emim][TCM]), and aluminium oxide and magnesium oxide nanoparticles has been measured. The pure ionic liquids were also measured, and a simple Andrade equation and a Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher equation were presented to predict

Objectives Emerging evidence supports that PR interval prolongation is associated with increased mortality. However, most previous studies have limited confounder control, and clinical impact in a population of acute ill patients is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 1-year all-cause mortality was increased in patients presenting with PR interval prolongation in the emergenc

A novel method to enhance the heat transfer on the internal tip surface of gas turbine blades was developed. Effects of delta-winglet vortex generators (DWVG) and their angle of attack on the vortical structures and mechanism of enhanced heat transfer were investigated. Seven different angles of attack were considered: 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°. The Reynolds number varies from 10,000 to

Numerical simulations have been conducted to investigate the effects of pin-fin arrangement and jet Reynolds number on heat transfer enhancement and flow characteristics of a concave confined jet impingement cooled surface conjugated with pin-fins. The results without a pin-fin are used as a baseline. Vortices and different sections of streamlines in the channel are employed to understand the flow

To reduce global HIV-1 incidence, there is a need to understand and disentangle HIV-1 transmission dynamics and to determine the geographic areas and populations that act as hubs or drivers of HIV-1 spread. In Sub-Saharan Africa (sSA), the region with the highest HIV-1 burden, information about such transmission dynamics is sparse. Phylogenetic inference is a powerful method for the study of HIV-1

BACKGROUND: Cut-points to define slow walking speed have largely been derived from expert opinion. METHODS: Study participants (13 589 men and 5043 women aged ≥65years) had walking speed (m/s) measured over 4-6 m (mean ± SD: 1.20 ± 0.27 m/s in men and 0.94 ± 0.24 m/s in women.) Mobility limitation was defined as any self-reported difficulty with walking approximately 1/4 mile (prevalence: 12.6% me

This paper performs a numerical study regarding the effects of different kinds of coolants on flow and heat transfer in a pin-finned internal channel. A new pin-fin structure detached from one endwall with a round-tip is proposed which aims to increase the heat transfer enhancement. As a contrast, the investigation of the typical fully-attached pin-fin and the flat-tip detached pin-fin is also con

Syngas produced by gasification, which contains a high hydrogen content, has significant potential. The variation in the hydrogen content and dilution combustion are effective means to improve the steady combustion of syngas and reduce NOx emissions. OH planar laser-induced fluorescence technology (OH-PLIF) was applied in the present investigation of the turbulence of a premixed flame of syngas wi

BACKGROUND: Evidence is limited regarding the impact of comprehensive mental health on the risk of subsequent cardiovascular events.OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association of mental health status with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the UK Biobank.METHODS: This prospective study included 339,616 participants aged 40 to 69 years who were enrolled between 2006 and 2010 and were followed up to 202