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Denna uppsats undersöker under vilka omständigheter ett dominerande företag kan ha en skyldighet att ingå avtal med konkurrenter i den betydelse som avses i artikel 102 FEUF. Först presenteras en kontextuell bakgrund kring artikel 102 FEUF och rekvisiten för när ett förfarande utgör missbruk av en dominerande ställning. Därefter granskas det inflytelserika rättsfallet Bronner där rekvisiten för atThis paper examines under what circumstances a dominant undertaking may be under a duty to deal with competitors within the meaning of Article 102 TFEU. The paper first provides some contextual background around Article 102 TFEU and the elements of an abuse of a dominant position. It thereafter reviews the influential case of Bronner in which the legal test for determining when a refusal to deal c

Since the collapse of the communist regimes of Soviet Union and Yugoslavia, the welfare regimes in Central and Eastern Europe have been fundamentally transformed in accordance with the process of economic liberalization in these countries. However, the underlying factors behind the diverging paths and trajectories of post-communist welfare states have yet to be understood. Compiling a new dataset

This report presents and discusses the status quo of Chinese ricewine culture. It’s unfortunate to note that many Chinese young people prefer beer/red wine rather than our own wines because they think it is out of date, from the wine packaging to drinking utensils. I use five main methods for the research: history reviewing/ interview/ field trip/ mind-mapping/ gesture video. Findings sho

Denna studie har genomförts på Tetra Pak för att studera deformation i vätskekartong under vikning. När en förpackning formas i fyllmaskinerna viks kartongen enligt biglinjerna. Det finns ett stort intresse av att studera vikprocessen då den är avgörande för den slutgiltiga kvaliteten av förpackningen. Matematiska modeller används för att simulera kartong men dessa kräver verkliga mätningar och dThis study has been conducted at Tetra Pak to study deformation in liquid packaging paperboard during the folding process. When a package is formed in the filling machines, the paperboard is folded according to the crease lines. It is of great interest to study the folding process since it is crucial to the final quality of the package. Mathematical models are used for simulation of paperboard bu

Urban inequalities are one of the most important questions in contemporary times. One urban area that is struggling with inequalities is Malmö, the third largest city in Sweden. The new comprehensive plan for Malmö from 2018, states that a socially balanced city is necessary for further development of Malmö, to tackle inequalities the plan states that all citizens need to be able to shape society

The 2014 Êzîdî Genocide caused a rupture in the social fabric of the Iraqi religious Êzîdî minority. A search for meaning in the aftermath of violence has caused a group of Şingali poets to reconstruct memories of the past through their narration in Arabic prose poetry. A narrative analysis has been used on a selection of poems written and interviews conducted with five poets. I investigate their

Kött har varit ett av de vanligaste livsmedlen för mänskligheten i årtusenden och en viktig del av minnen kopplade till mat i olika kulturer, i förhållande till vardagliga livsmedelspraktiker. Numera har växtbaserat kött (PBM), som substitut för animaliskt kött (ABM), blivit populärt och vanligt bland konsumenter som bor i Nordeuropa. Detta av olika anledningar, däribland miljöproblem, djurskydd oMeat has been one of the common foods for humankind for many millenniums and an important part of food memory in different cultures in relation to everyday food practices. Nowadays, plant-based meat (PBM), as substitution of animal-based meat (ABM), has become popular and common among consumers living in Northern Europe with various motivations including environmental problems, animal welfare, and

Overheating in buildings is a growing public health hazard becoming more prevalent with climate change. The research aimed to analyse how interactions between jurisdictional scales, urban stakeholders and policies promoting synergies affect adaptation processes in cities using overheating policies in London as an example. Understanding how these interactions affect policy implementation can ensure

“Choice blindness” (CB) refers to a certain tendency to accept a choice that is presented to us as if it were our own, even when we have never made it. In the last decade, CB has been treated as a research tool in a series of experiments in different domains and modalities (e.g. Johansson et al. 2005, 2008; Hall et al. 2010, 2013; Sagana et. al 2014; Cochran et al. 2016) in order to study the rela

Lärarbrist och personalomsättning är växande problem i Sverige, ändå har vi lite kunskap om de underliggande organisatoriska faktorerna till dessa problem. Denna studie undersöker lärarnas upplevelser av de organisatoriska processerna och försöker identifiera relevanta faktorer för yrkets hållbarhet. Semistrukturerade gruppintervjuer har genomförts i fem fokusgrupper. Totalt har 44 lärare (33 kvinTeacher shortage and turnover is a growing problem in Sweden, yet little is known about the organisational factors associated with these problems. The current study explores teachers' experiences of organisational processes and aims to identify relevant factors linked to the sustainability of the profession. Semi-structured focus group-interviews were conducted with five groups. In total, 44 t

Rätten till en rättvis rättegång är en nödvändighet i en modern rättsstat, men i och med de nya globala konflikternas förändrade natur har den stött på nya utmaningar. Soldaters immunitet för vissa handlingar i krigstid är väletablerad sedan Genèvekonventionernas tillkomst, men de nya konflikternas aktörer uppfyller sällan kraven för sådan immunitet. Särskilt kriget mot den globala terrorismen harThe right to a fair trial is a vital component of the rule of law, but with the change in global conflicts, and particularly the rise of global terrorism, it has been presented with new challenges. Soldiers’ immunity for certain, normally illegal, actions has been established as a principle of international law since the adaptation of the Geneva Conventions. However, new conflicts, and especially

This thesis is a qualitative case study of discrimination based on stigmatization towards transgender individuals in Brazil. The current President, Jair Bolsonaro has made some extreme statements about the LGBTQ+ community throughout his career in politics, starting when he was a congressman in Rio de Janeiro and keeps doing so today, normalizing stigma and discrimination towards the LGBTQ+ commun

Much research has been done on the sustainability of food consumption in the science sphere, but the research on social sustainability and plant-based diets are lacking in anthropology. This thesis aims to investigate how cultural perceptions affect what we choose to eat and if these perceptions can be challenged for the sake of sustainability. The analysis of the paper is based on a literature re

Much research has been done on the sustainability of food consumption in the science sphere, but the research on social sustainability and plant-based diets are lacking in anthropology. This thesis aims to investigate how cultural perceptions affect what we choose to eat and if these perceptions can be challenged for the sake of sustainability. The analysis of the paper is based on a literature re

This thesis aims to examine the focus in present literature on the alignment of people in an organizational context with regards to its conceptualization, whether it is seen as dependent or independent variable, its antecedents, its outcomes and how it can be measured. Therefore, a systematic review has been conducted, investigating the findings of 13 meta-analyses on the alignment of people. Res

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the impact of exchange rate volatility on aggregate foreign trade. We use annual data from 15 Asian countries over 30 years. The exchange rate volatility is derived primarily based on GARCH models and MASD. This thesis applies both the static fixed-effect panel data model and dynamic GMM model, then compares the obtained results and uses the OLS method

As the pandemic of Covid-19 evolved during the spring of 2020, so did the discussion of Sweden's degree of self-sufficiency. The Federations of Swedish Farmers and the Ministry of Enterprise and Innovation shared the view that Sweden's production of agricultural goods should be expanded to increase the degree of self-sufficiency of food and promote employment in the agricultural sector. Th

This study focused on examining what post-acceleration startup management practices (‘activities’) corporate accelerators conduct and how these activities contribute to strategic value creation for the parent company. It was found that the post-acceleration phase is separated into three levels of post-acceleration activities and their strategic value contributions. Firstly, the resource level aims

This study is an analytical look at how new ventures approach keeping individuals within their organizations in order to ensure the long-run success of the venture. There is a particular focus on the non monetary incentives that are offered by employers and the influence they have on the intention for the individual to remain in a new venture. This has been done by following the framework of the j