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This paper presents a design study aiming to compare a PMSM, EMSM and an SMSM solution in order to rind the most competitive one for the BAS application. The study is mainly based on FE calculations, which are contrasted with the results obtained from a common car alternator. The highlights are efficiency and torque characteristics, and the way they contribute to improve the most important feature

By tailoring the boundary of a narrow semiconductor channel to break its symmetry, we have realized a type of nanometer-scale nonlinear device, which we refer to as self-switching device (SSD). An applied voltage V not only changes the potential profile along the channel direction, but also either widens or narrows the effective channel depending on the sign of V. This results in a diode-like char

A hydrogen bonded complex between a hydroxyl radical and ozone has been found in argon matrices at 9 K. The shift of the OH stretch (-12.6 cm(-1)) indicates that this complex is somewhat weaker than the OH-CO complex (-21.8 cm(-1), D-0<= 430 cm(-1), 1.2 kcal/mol).

Carex humilis is a clonal sedge that can form distinct rings of densely aggregated ramets. We hypothesize that rings form because both production of new ramets and ramet dispersal are positively correlated to ramet size. This would lead to an overrepresentation of fast-moving and large ramets with high ramet production at the periphery, whereas slow-moving and small ramets with low ramet productio

The pseudo-nerve, which contains longitudinal Schwann cell columns without axons and surrounded by perineurium-like tissue but no axons (Q. Zhao, L.B. Dahlin, M. Kanje, G. Lundborg, Brain Res. 592 (1992) 106-114), was applied as a graft to repair nerve defect in rats. Creation of the pseudo-nerve was accomplished by inserting the proximal and distal stumps of a cut sciatic nerve into a silicone tu

A study of 45 pool fire tests is presented in this paper. All tests have been conducted in the same experimental setup but with four different ventilation scenarios. The experimental setup consisted of a three-room compartment connected to a stairway. The tests have been conducted during a 6-year period under slightly different ambient conditions. The purpose of this paper is to study and quantify

Sexual selection may drive speciation, but most research focuses on pre-copulatory sexual selection, overlooking post-copulatory processes. Post-copulatory sexual selection in allopatric populations could drive divergence in post-copulatory pre-zygotic (PCPZ) phenotypes, limiting gene flow upon secondary contact. Here, we performed in vitro experiments examining one potential PCPZ barrier between

We present a 2nd-order 4-bit continuous-time (CT) delta-sigma modulator (DSM) employing a 2nd-order loop filter with a single operational amplifier. This choice strongly reduces the power consumption, since operational amplifiers are the most power hungry blocks in the DSM. The DSM has been implemented in a 65 nm CMOS process, where it occupies an area of . It achieves an SNDR of 64 dB over a 500

The aim of this study is to extend the traffic safety assessment concept to also include normal road user behaviour, thus not only exceptional behaviours such as accidents and serious conflicts. The goal is to provide a framework for a more thorough description and analysis of safety related road user behaviour in order to better understand the traffic safety processes. The traffic safety process

The concept of critical loads has been an important and successful tool for the development of control strategies for transboundary air pollution in Europe. The use of the concept has led us to a situation where very few areas in Europe will have an exceedance of critical loads for acidification in 2010, indicating that the benefits of further control acidifying substances will be less useful. The

A compact six-figure approximation formula for the inductance of a cylindrical current sheet is presented. The formula displays the correct asymptotic behavior in the respective cases of very long and very short coils. The efficiency of the approximation formula is due to a thorough analysis of the exact formula.

A contaminated site at Lernacken in southern Sweden, formerly used for sludge disposal, was investigated using a 3-D resistivity imaging technique. The data acquisition was carried out using a roll-along technique for 3-D data acquisition that allows using standard multielectrode equipment designed for engineering and environmental applications. The technique allows for the measurement of large tr