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An animal possessing reversal learning ability is capable of unlearning a previously learnt association between a stimulus and a reward and learning a new contingency. It is a form of behavioural flexibility, which can be advantageous in changing environments. Serial reversal learning occurs when an animal's performance improves over repeated reversals of contingencies. In this study, we tested th

The metastatic potential of cancer cells is closely linked to their mechanical properties, and changes in these properties often correspond to the progression of the disease. To study how mechanical factors such as cell size and deformability influence the spread of cancer and the surrounding extracellular matrix, it is crucial that cancer cell populations be sorted in relevant subpopulations with

This thesis introduces the field of biomedical or diffuse optics and covers basic principles of light propagation in highly scattering media. Physics is well supported by mathematical derivations and equations, which is essential for the development of analytical models. These models are applied to three main fields.First, in photodynamic therapy (PDT) — a promising approach, based on a dynamic in

Lyme arthritis (LA) is a recognized manifestation of Lyme borreliosis in Sweden, but data on the causative Borrelia species are limited. This study aimed to describe the demographics of LA and identify Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (B. burgdorferi s.l.) genospecies present in synovial fluid (SF). Patient data were collected from the test requisition form accompanying consecutive SF samples submi

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a major driver of evolution and a key source of innovation in the microbial world. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as plasmids and phages, often act as agents of HGT or as vehicles for cargo genes, some of which define the adaptive potential of the host organism in specific environments. These genes are involved in immunity, anti-immunity, virulence, and anti

This work investigates the cryogenic performance of InAs-based vertical nanowire ferroelectric field-effect transistors (VNW-FeFETs) with hafnium zirconium oxide (HZO) as the ferroelectric gate dielectric. Measurements at 300 K and 14 K reveal a 25% increase in memory window, from 560 mV at room temperature to 700 mV at 14 K, indicating enhanced polarization stability at low temperatures while als

Context. Despite the ever-increasing number of known exoplanets, no uncontested detections have been made of their satellites, known as exomoons. Aims. The quest to find exomoons is at the forefront of exoplanetary sciences. Certain space-born instruments are thought to be suitable for this purpose. We show the progress made with the CHaracterising ExOPlanets Satellite (CHEOPS) in this field using

The Chicxulub impact triggered a massive extinction event marked by the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary (K-Pg ∼66Ma), ejecting vast amounts of dust, molten, and vaporized materials. While impact spherules are interpreted as products of impactor and target lithologies, their precise composition and distribution remain insufficiently constrained. Although previous studies restrict impactor contaminati

Habitat loss and nutrient enrichment are major drivers of plant species declines. However, local extinction risks vary widely and are shaped by life-history trait syndromes. Genomic life-history traits, which are simple, stable and widely available, offer a promising yet underexplored approach to improving extinction risk assessments and informing conservation efforts. Using a spatial comparison a

This paper explores the rapid digitalization of the economy, focusing on the rise of platform and influencer economies, and examines their impact on place branding and clusters within rural regional development. Our study demonstrates how influencers in a rural industrial cluster become key figures in regional place branding by merging their digital identities with the natural resources they promo

Biodiversity in human-dominated landscapes is declining, but evidence-based conservation targets to guide international policies for such landscapes are lacking. We present a framework for informing habitat conservation policies based on the enhancement of habitat quantity and quality and define thresholds of habitat quantity at which it becomes effective to also prioritize habitat quality. We app

BACKGROUND Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS) are defined by somatic mutations in genes associated with myeloid neoplasms (MN) at a variant allele fraction (VAF) of 0.02 or greater in the absence and presence of cytopenia, respectively. CHIP/CCUS is highly prevalent in adults, and defining predictors of MN risk would aid

Aims. We aim to refine the fundamental parameters of the TOI-2141 planetary system, which includes a transiting sub-Neptune orbiting a Sun-like star on a relatively long orbit of 18.26 days, by combining new photometric and spectroscopic observations. Methods. We analyzed new space-based photometry from TESS and CHEOPS, as well as 61 radial velocity measurements from HARPS-N. We performed individu

Agroecology is increasingly recognized as a transformative pathway for building resilient and equitable food systems and addressing climate challenges. In Uganda, civil society organization (CSO) networks play a pivotal role in promoting agroecology through training, advocacy, and the facilitation of farmer-led innovations. This study examined the role of the Participatory Ecological Land Use Mana

Infections caused by anaerobes are common in children. However, limited data are available on bloodstream infections caused by these bacteria in Europe. A multicentre retrospective observational study was conducted over a 4-year period (2020–2023) across 44 European hospitals to analyze all anaerobes isolated from blood cultures. The study examined the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance pro

We show exponential lower bounds on resolution proof length for pigeonhole principle (PHP) formulas and perfect matching formulas over highly unbalanced, sparse expander graphs, thus answering the challenge to establish strong lower bounds in the regime between balanced constant-degree expanders as in [Ben-Sasson and Wigderson’01] and highly unbalanced, dense graphs as in [Raz’04] and [Razborov’03

This short communication explores the intersection between agroecology and spirituality, drawing on field insights from faith-based agroecological initiatives in Uganda and the teachings of Laudato Si, Pope Francis’s encyclical on integral ecology. We specificallyfocus on agroecological practices observed at institutions where agroecology is integrated with spiritual renewal through forest regener