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Background: Epidemiological studies that assess the health effects of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution are used to inform public policy. These studies rely on exposure models that use data collected from pollution monitoring sites to predict exposures at subject locations. Land-use regression (LUR) and universal kriging (UK) have been suggested as potential prediction methods. We evalua

Objectives. A family history of prostate cancer is associated with a higher risk for prostate cancer to first-degree relatives. If greater surveillance of men at familial risk is considered to be useful, population-based estimates of the differences in the age at diagnosis between familial and sporadic prostate cancer cases are needed. Methods. The men in the nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Datab

Using electron spectroscopy, we have investigated nanoplasma formation from noble gas clusters exposed to high-intensity hard-x-ray pulses at ~5 keV. Our experiment was carried out at the SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser (SACLA) facility in Japan. Dedicated theoretical simulations were performed with the molecular dynamics tool XMDYN. We found that in this unprecedented wavelength reg

Objective. The purpose of the present analysis was to analyze and compare the cost-effectiveness of solifenacin flexible dosing (5-10 mg) with tolterodine 4 mg sustained release (SR) or placebo (assumed to be comparable to no treatment) for patients with overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms. Design. A decision-analytic model was constructed. Methods. Costs and effects were evaluated for the three tre

På senare år har sjukdomspanoramat för hjärtsjukdomar förändrats, med sjunkande insjuknande och dödlighet i hjärtinfarkt men stigande insjuknande i förmaksflimmer och hjärtsvikt. Förmaksflimmer är den vanligaste hjärtrytmrubbningen och medför ökad risk för uppkomst av blodproppar i hjärtat som kan resultera i stroke, demens och förtida död. Symptom på förmaksflimmer är hjärtklappning, trötthet, anBackground: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and increases in prevalence. As AF confers increased risk of morbidity, stroke, dementia and mortality, a major objective of cardiovascular epidemiology today is the development of tools for prediction and prevention of AF and its consequences. Although AF has traditionally been considered a non-heritable disease,

The aim of our study was to get epidemiological information on bacterial infections in children treated for ALL and to analyse which patients have an enhanced infection risk. Episodes of suspected or confirmed infections were evaluated during the first 12 months of treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The number of patients was 73 (43 boys). The median age was 4.6 years. A

Popular Abstract in Swedish Bakgrund Den medicinska utvecklingen har varit stark under de senaste åren vad gäller akut omhändertagande av patienter med misstänkt hjärtinfarkt. Snabb teknisk utveckling inom området för kateterburen koronarkärlsintervention (PCI) och framsteg inom farmakologisk behandling har bidragit till allt bättre vårdresultat. Omedelbar och korrekt beslutsprocess har kommit attBackground In patients with symptoms compatible with acute myocardial infarction (MI), early triage by ECG in the pre-hospital phase by ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) criteria is important for direct transport of these patients to a regional center for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). The time from first medical contact to pPCI should, due to present guideline

It is debated whether cancer patients treated with chemotherapy can mount an adequate response to vaccination. Material and methods. Ninety-six adult outpatients with cancer, who were undergoing chemotherapy and/or monoclonal antibody, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, irradiation or corticosteroid treatments, were studied. Two doses of the pandemic influenza A(H1N1)/09 AS03-adjuvanted split virion vacci

Dimers of A beta (amyloid beta-protein) are believed to play an important role in Alzheimer's disease. In the absence of sufficient brain-derived dimers, we studied one of the only possible dimers that could be produced in vivo, [A beta](DiY) (dityrosine cross-linked A beta). For comparison, we used the A beta monomer and a design dimer cross-linked by replacement of Ser(26) with cystine [A beta S

Introduction An estimated 2.4 [1.8–3.2] million people in the WHO European Region now live with HIV, and none of the Region’s 53 countries have been spared. The epidemic is spreading most rapidly in western Europe among migrants and men who have sex with men, and in eastern Europe among male injecting drug users – and increasingly their sexual partners. This doctoral research investigates several

The main purpose of this project has been to examine the accessibility of refereed conference articles and the OAand publishing policies of conferences in order to in this way elucidate different aspects concerning self-archiving in Swedish institutional repositories. For this purpose, the project participants have examined a number of conferences and references to conference articles via their in

The effects of dryer fabric cooling were studied. Using a dryer fabric cooled to a temperature below the dew point of the air-vapour mixture resulted in condensation of water vapour in the fabric structure. This condensation process was studied by means of a small-scale dynamic pilot dryer. The novel model on mass and heat transport in dryer fabrics, described in part 1, was validated against expe

Excited-state dynamics of carotenoids has attracted considerable recent interest, but it has also engendered a number of controversial hypotheses. This review summarizes the knowledge gathered from various ultrafast time-resolved techniques addressing the two most discussed dark excited states (1B(u)(-) and S*). These two states have been subjects of numerous earlier studies, because while the 1B(

Syftet med avhandlingen är att beskriva och analysera hur Försäkringskassans organisationskultur har förändrats. Mer specifikt är syftet att fånga förändringarna i Försäkringskassans organisationskultur genom att studera tjänstemännens relationer, reaktioner och handlingsstrategier över tid. De centrala frågeställningarna är följande: ”Hur har försäkringskassans organisationskultur förändrats?”, ”In 2005, The Swedish Social Insurance Agency (Försäkringskassan), was reformed from being local county authorities to a nationalized and integrated organization. The aim of this thesis is to describe how Försäkringskassan’s organizational culture has changed. The key questions are: ”How has Försäkringskassan’s culture changed?”, ”How are the organizational culture perceived and handled by the empl

Background: In Uganda, adolescent pregnancy often results in adverse maternal and neonatal health outcomes. In this context, low use of contraception and high rates of maternal mortality rate make preventing unwanted pregnancies critical. Objective: The objective was to determine the relationship between non-use of contraception and sociodemographic factors, alcohol consumption, and types of partn