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An unmanned ship can be designed without considering humancomfort, and can thus be constructed lighter, smaller and less expensive.It can carry out missions in rough terrain or be in areaswhere it would be dangerous for a human to operate. By not havingto support a crew, lengthy missions can be accepted, enabling, e.g.reconnaissance missions, or reducing emissions by lowering thespeed.Breakthrough
The standard Godunov type method used in computational fluid dynamics shows accuracy problems for low Mach number flows and for the kinetic energy at the highest wave numbers resolvable on a given grid. Both drawbacks become visible when simulating the decay of isotropic turbulence at the low Mach numbers typical for the respective experimental investigations. A modification to cure both problems
We considered nonlinear solvers inside implicit time integration schemes for the time dependent compressible Navier-Stokes equations. The existing solvers turn out to be adequate, but amenable to significant improvements. Regarding multigrid schemes, we demonstrated that reoptimizing a multigrid scheme for the case of a time dependent equation leads to significant improvements in convergence speed
We consider thermal fluid structure interaction to model industrial gas quenching in steel forging, where hot steel Is cooled using cold high pressured gas. This allows to define properties of the finished steel part, as for example yield strength, locally at low cost and without environmental problems. For the numerical simulation, a partitioned approach via a Dirichlet-Neumann coupling and a fix
We consider the coupling of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations with the heat equation as a model for cooling processes in steel forming. The semidiscrete coupled system is solved using stiffly stable SDIRK methods of higher order, where on each stage, a fluid-structure interaction problem is solved. textcopyright 2009 American Institute of Physics.
Reliable data on familial risks are important for clinical counseling and cancer genetics. We wanted to study incidence trends and familial risks for pituitary adenomas and associated tumors through parental and sibling probands, using the nation-wide Swedish Family-Cancer Database on 10.5 million individuals, containing families with parents and offspring. Cancer data were retrieved from the Swed
The reasons for the high risk of contralateral breast cancer are not understood, although polygenic mechanisms have been suggested to be involved. The nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database was used to examine the interaction of the risks for contralateral and familial cancer. Relative risks were separately determined for contralateral and familial breast cancers, and these were tested for addi
The concentrations of endogenous hormones differ between women with twin and singleton births, with a possible influence on the risk of cancer. We used the nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database, including 30,409 women with a twin birth, to examine the subsequent risks of breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. Relative risks (RRs) were calculated in a log-linear Poisson regression model of p
Having family members with cancer has been associated with increased risk for bladder and renal cell cancers, but its association with survival has not been examined. This study was an analysis of the nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database and revealed that survival for bladder and renal cell cancers was similar whether the cancer was familial or sporadic; however, when survival in offspring wa
PURPOSE: Several earlier studies have assessed survival in prostate cancer based on familial risk of this disease. As a novel concept, we posit that factors governing survival in prostate cancer are likely to be different from those governing risk of prostate cancer. To prove this, we searched for familial clustering of survival (ie, concordance of survival among family members).PATIENTS AND METHO
OBJECTIVES: To estimate sibling risk of hospitalization for children with sleep disordered breathing (SDB), diagnosed with (1) obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), or (2) adenotonsillar hypertrophy in the total Swedish population.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Using the MigMed database at the Karolinska Institute, we divided the population of Sweden aged 0-18 years into sibling groups base
The population attributable fraction (PAF) defines the proportion of a disease that would be prevented if the exposure to a particular risk factor was avoided. Familial risk is a known risk factor for many cancers, but an unbiased estimation of the PAF for familial risk requires a large study population to include rare cancers. PAFs and their corresponding standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were
This paper presents an investigation about the difficulties Swedish students encounter when choosing between the tenses the imperfect and the preterit in state verbs and achievement verbs. The objective of this study is to give a general description of the quantity of errors made in a task focused on the choice of tenses. The intention is to visualize the difficulties involved in the choice betweeEn el presente trabajo se presenta una investigación sobre las dificultades a las que se enfrentan estudiantes suecos de español como lengua extranjera (desde ahora ELE), a la hora de elegir entre los tiempos del pasado imperfecto e indefinido en relación con verbos de estado y de logro. El propósito de este estudio es describir, de manera general, la producción de errores para visualizar en qué m
OBJECTIVE: In the era of genome-wide association studies, familial risks are used to estimate disease heritability and the likelihood of candidate-gene identification. This study was undertaken to estimate associations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with any of 33 autoimmune diseases and related conditions among parents and offspring, singleton siblings, twins, and spouses.METHODS: The Multigenerati
Female survivors of childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumors experience an increased risk of infertility and various pregnancy complications. We aimed to explore whether the incidence of inguinal hernia could be higher in offspring of female CNS tumor survivors as compared to the general population. Girls who were younger than 15 years of age and diagnosed with CNS tumors between 1958 and 201
Familial risks of psychotic disorders and schizophrenia have been assessed in previous studies. However, the degree of familial clustering in large population datasets remains to be established. We conducted a study on familial risks of psychotic disorders and schizophrenia by linking the Multigeneration Register to the nationwide Swedish Hospital Discharge Register. All patients younger than 72 y
Population-level familial risks are not available for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and a few studies have analyzed familial association of ALS with other diseases. We used the Swedish Multigeneration Register to identify family members and link them to the Hospital Discharge Register to calculate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for familial association in ALS and 33 autoimmune disease
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate possible associations between educational level, occupation, and hospitalization for inflammatory bowel disease.METHODS: A nationwide database was constructed by linking the Swedish Census to the Hospital Discharge Register in order to obtain data on all first hospitalizations for Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in Sweden during
In the era of complex disease genetics, the consideration of familial risks is important in the assessment of the likely success of these studies. In the present article, we study familial risks for multiple sclerosis (MS) among parents and offspring, singleton siblings, twins, and spouses when a family member was diagnosed with MS or any of 33 other autoimmune diseases. The availability of a Mult
BACKGROUND: Patients diagnosed with Crohn disease (CD) are known to be at an increased risk of bowel cancers and lymphoma. CD is an autoimmune disease and we hypothesize that the patients are predisposed to a wider spectrum of cancers.PATIENTS AND METHODS: A CD research database was constructed by identifying hospitalized CD patients from the Hospital Discharge Register and cancer patients from th
