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We study the impact of the early gender environment on inequality in the labor market. To this end, we link primary school data to occupations and earnings. We find that women exposed to more girls at critical ages earn more later on: A 10 percent increase in the share of girls leads to a gender wage gap reduction of 2.7 percent. We explore mechanisms and find a strong selection of women into less
Although communism was a Western creation, its last consequences were implemented in southeastern Europe. In addition to the imposed aspects, there were local enthusiasms and excesses of zeal (euphemistically speaking), which attest to the existence of an identity matrix and a common mentality. Countries with an authoritarian tradition have absorbed this ideology of simultaneous denationalization
We report on a single-shot longitudinal phase-space reconstruction diagnostic for electron beams in a laser wakefield accelerator via the experimental observation of distinct periodic modulations in the angularly resolved spectra. Such modulated angular spectra arise as a result of the direct interaction between the ultrarelativistic electron beam and the laser driver in the presence of the wakefi
Starting with the lead compound roquinimex, a selection of 3-quinolinecarboxamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for the treatment of the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis. Structure-activity relationships were established in animal studies and from these, laquinimod was chosen as the drug candidate due to its superior potency and toxicological profile as compared to roquinimex. Ho
Den nationalekonomiska forskningen har genomgått en snabb utveckling under de senaste 10–20 åren. Nya teorier och nya forskningsfält har tillkommit. Traditionellt har man föreställt sig att ekonomisk teori bara är av värde för förståelsen av hur marknaden fungerar. Nu hävdar ekonomer att deras teori med fördel kan användas på alla sidor av det svenska samhället, även dem som vi betraktar som tillh
A concept of germ graphs and the M-function formalism are employed to construct large families of isospectral and isoscattering graphs. This approach represents a complete departure from the original approach pioneered by Sunada, where isospectral graphs are obtained as quotients of a certain large symmetric graph. Using the M-function formalism and the symmetries of the graph itself we construct
The labour market has become increasingly dynamic, characterised by technological change, greater job mobility and shifting employee expectations. As employees place growing importance on development, work environment and work-life balance, organisations face new challenges in retaining talent. One strategy to retain employees is internal employer branding. As engineers have good opportunities to
Meningiomas are the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system and show clinical heterogeneity across WHO grades. While grade 1 meningiomas are typically benign, grade 3 (anaplastic) meningiomas are rare, highly aggressive, and associated with poor prognosis. Current histopathological grading does not fully capture tumor biology, therefore molecular approaches are needed to better re
When an account of promising is too cognitively demanding, it cannot apply to persons who can receive promises but cannot ascribe higher-order mental states to others. Scanlon’s account of promises is such an account. This thesis argues that Scanlon can make his account less cognitively demanding by revising his theory of speech acts. Instead of being an intentionalist, Scanlon should be an expres
This thesis explores the difference between how moral realists and moral error theorists relate to moral intuitions in metaethical theory building. While moral realists claim Moorean arguments in their favour, arguments based around a highly intuitive Moorean premise, error theorists claim that a moral premise being intuitive is not the same as it being true. Error theorists use debunking argument
The inefficacy problem refers to the paradox in collective harm problems where effects of individual actions appear too small to make a moral difference, albeit aggregated they cause great harm. This thesis will argue that the inefficacy problem derives its strength from the thought experiments commonly used to theorize, structure and understand the collective harm problem of climate change. By re
Studien undersöker hur gymnasielärare i svenska beskriver vilka faktorer som styr urvalet av skönlitteratur i kursplanering och hur de motiverar skönlitteraturens funktion i undervisningen. Empirin utgörs av sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med legitimerade lärare; materialet har analyserats genom en teoristyrd tematisk innehållsanalys där Sarlands sex urvalsfaktorer användes som kodningsram och dThis study examines how upper-secondary Swedish teachers account for the factors that guide their selection of literary texts and how they justify the role of literature in teaching. The dataset comprises six semi-structured interviews with certified teachers. A theory-driven thematic content analysis was applied: Sarland’s six selection factors served as the coding frame for choices of texts, whi
Bayesian optimization is a widely used method for optimizing expensive black-box functions, with Expected Improvement being one of the most commonly used acquisition functions. In contrast, information-theoretic acquisition functions aim to reduce uncertainty about the function’s optimum and are often considered fundamentally distinct from EI. In this work, we challenge this prevailing perspective
Open and shared government data and services offer an instrument for achieving innovation, interoperability, and transparency in public services but require relevant competency, resources, and culture to realise, something that the public sector actors often lack. In this case study, we exemplify how these challenges to data sharing may be tackled through horizontal coordination in the case of Tra
Aims: To examine the separate associations of glycemic control and chronic kidney disease with hospitalization days over one year in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study using retrospective data on T2D patients in Region Halland, Sweden, during 2020. Data from the Region Halland database included hospitalizations, emergency visits, primary care encoun
This chapter examines the enduring presence of pre-Christian, Pagan religious elements in Baltic folklore—the related but distinct folk traditions of Lithuania and Latvia—and the purposes these remnants of Baltic Paganism serve as expressions of ethnic and/or national identity. Particular attention is paid to a genre of folk songs known as dainasin Latvia and dainos in Lithuania, solstice celebrat
BACKGROUND: CDEUSSA is a Specific Support Action project from the Sixth Framework Programme Priority of the European Union (EU). Its aim is to bring together basic and applied research in the area of coeliac disease (CD). This paper reviews the main issues that are a result of the CDEUSSA initiative.AIM: To identify the major issues in need of investigation in the areas of clinical aspects, treatm
Introduction: The optimal timing for distal radial fracture fixation remains controversial. Most previous studies have dichotomized timing into early or delayed categories, potentially obscuring the true effect of delay. This study investigated surgical timing as a continuous variable to determine its influence on radiographic alignment. Methods: In a retrospective multicentre cohort study, we rev
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a severe and prevalent disorder among older adults. Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is recommended treatment for GAD, but older adults benefit less than younger peers. Physical exercise has been suggested to improve treatment efficacy. We aimed to determine the efficacy of augmenting CBT with physical exercise for older adults with GAD. This randomised contr
