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Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) is an interesting option for ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials. To meet desired overall yields during ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials, it is important to use both hexoses and pentoses. This can be achieved by co-fermentation of sugars in SSF, so called SSCF (simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation), us

The importance of rare earth elements in modern technological industry grows, and as a result the interest for developing separation processes increases. This work is a part of developing chromatography as a rare earth element processing method. Process optimization is an important step in process development, and there are several competing objectives that need to be considered in a chromatograph

In a preliminary study aimed at outlining the organization of affective categories in Romanian, several cases were identified where Romanians made use of two or more competing linguistic terms applied to what appeared to be the same conceptual configuration . One such case is taken into consideration in this 5-study follow-up investigation, whose purpose was to obtain empirical data for establishi

A number of recent papers have demonstrated that camera “self-calibration” can be accomplished purely from image measurements, without requiring special calibration objects or known camera motion. We describe a method, based on self-calibration, for obtaining (scaled) Euclidean structure from multiple uncalibrated perspective images using only point matches between views. The method is in two stag

The development of selective sorbents for the separation of various molecules, preferentially biomolecules, is described in this work. Affinity ligands were immobilized on small silica particles and used in high-performance liquid affinity chromatography (HPLAC). With this technique, it is possible to perform fast, selective and efficient bioseparations. Methods were developed for the preparation

We present an integrated approach that solves the structure and motion problem for affine cameras. Given images of corresponding points, lines and conics in any number of views, a reconstruction of the scene structure and the camera motion is calculated, up to an affine transformation. Starting with three views, two novel concepts are introduced. The first one is a quasi-tensor consisting of 20 co

Landfilling in "cells" has become more common in recent years. Different waste streams are guided to different cells, among which the biocell is a landfill designed for biogas production. In this thesis, the dependence of biogas generation on waste composition was investigated. Six 8,000 m3 test cells, with contents ranging from mainly commercial waste to pure domestic waste and equipped with gas

The casein breakdown, peptide hydrolysis and accumulation of amino acids were studied in the semi-hard Swedish cheese, Herrgard produced at 3 dairies. Casein components were analysed by capillary electrophoresis, and peptide profiles as well as amino acid composition with reverse phase HPLC. Ten cheeses from the same vat of each of the 3 dairies were analysed; 5 cheeses each after 3 and 6 months o

In the ammoxidation of toluene over a V2O5 catalyst, the variation of initial rates with partial pressures of oxygen, toluene and ammonia was determined for formation of carbon oxides. Dependencies obtained were analyzed and expressed in terms of rate equations. It was found that CO and CO2 are initial products formed at different sites, none of which are involved in selective reactions. The mecha

In 1982, the Swedish diplomat and Turkologist Gunnar Jarring (1907–2002) donated his unique collection of Eastern Turkestan manuscripts to the Lund University Library. The Jarring Collection at Lund is the third biggest collection of Eastern Turkic manuscripts in the world and consists of 560 pieces, many of which are miscellanies. It is a broad collection and represents the history and culture of

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the rate of deliberate self-harm in 15-year-old Swedish adolescents, gender differences in this behavior, and possible associations with self-esteem and mindfulness. For this purpose, we developed a simplified version of Gratz's (2001) Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI), and carried out a pilot study with 123 adolescents from three different s

The paper deals with the effect of wastewater, plant design and operation in relation to biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal and the possibilities to model the processes. Two Bio-P pilot plants were operated for 2.5 years in parallel receiving identical wastewater. The plants had SRT of 4 and 21 days, the latter had nitrification and denitrification. The plant with 4 days SRT had much more

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling handlar om hur man kan mäta små mängder av ett antal intressanta molekyler i en vattenlösning med hjälp av infrarödspektroskopi. Det är viktigt att kunna bestämma mängden av olika spårämnen i en vattenlösning i en rad olika tillämpningar. Några viktiga exempel på sådana tillämpningar är inom sjukvården för diagnostiska ändamål, bland annat för blodprovsThis thesis treats various aspects of the measurement of trace components in aqueous solutions with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. This technique has several applications from such diverse fields as dairy industry and biomedical optics. The use of infrared spectroscopy for trace component quantification is made difficult by the large absorption of water which dominates the spectrum. The

The social right of a secured income enough for subsistence in old age is an important aspect of social policy. Our objective has been to discuss public pension reform in New Zealand and Sweden. Through comparison we have revealed inherent forces fuelling as well as restricting pension reform. To better understand the political differences and counter forces an approach of “path dependency” derive