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Objective. Increasing survival of extremely low birth weight (ELBW; birth weight < 1000 g) infants raises a concern regarding the risks of adverse long-term outcome such as cognitive dysfunction. Few studies have reported long-term follow-up of representative regional cohorts. The objective of this study was to assess the 5-year outcome of a prospectively followed national ELBW infant cohort. Meth

Patients with acute asthma attending the emergency room were included in a double-blind, double-dummy and parallel group study to investigate whether a dry powder inhaler (Turbuhaler) can be used in acute asthma. If so, the aim was to establish the potency relationship between a beta 2-agonist (salbutamol) administered by the dry powder inhaler and the pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI). Eigh

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Type 1 diabetes in children is characterised by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells and the presence of certain risk genotypes. In adults the same situation is often referred to as latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). We tested whether genetic markers associated with type 1 or type 2 diabetes could help to discriminate between autoimmune and non-autoimmune diab

The study is based on monitoring data on the seasonal variation during four (1996-1999) vegetation periods, as well as long-term summer data on submerged vegetation, nutrients, light, phyto-plankton and zooplankton in Lake Krankesjon, a shallow, calcium-rich, moderately eutrophic take in southern Sweden. The lake has been in the clear water state with abundant submerged vegetation since the end of

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) represent a group of rare and heterogenous tumors that optimally should be diagnosed and treated within multidisciplinary teams. This thesis has studied various aspects ? pathological, genetical, and clinical ? of STS. In study I, we demonstrated that 20% of the patients in a population-based series of 818 STS developed second primary malignancies. An increased risk of

The overall aims of this thesis were to investigate the prevalence, severity and bother of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) in a clinical sample of stroke patients and to evaluate the effect of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) in women with urinary incontinence after ischemic stroke. The thesis consisted of 6 articles based on 4 studies and a review. In the first study (Paper I), the Danish

A consecutive series of patients with all types of cervical hip fracture (both undisplaced and displaced) were randomised to osteosynthesis with Hansson hook-pins (n = 98) or AO-screws (n = 101). Background parameters, fracture type and reduction of the fracture did not differ significantly between the groups. Fifty-seven percent of the patients were operated on within 6 h of admission to hospital

In a prospective study of a consecutive breast cancer series accumulated in the period 1978-82, the S-phase fraction (SPF) and ploidy status were determined by flow cytometry performed on cell nuclei derived from samples of 580 primary tumors. Sixty percent of the tumors were non-diploid. After correction for debris the median SPF values were 7.3% overall, 12% for non-diploid tumors, and 2.9% for

BACKGROUND: Dietary factors are thought to have an important role in gastric and esophageal carcinogenesis, but evidence from cohort studies for such a role is lacking. We examined the risks of gastric cancer and esophageal adenocarcinoma associated with meat consumption within the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. METHODS: A total of 521,457 men and women

Popular Abstract in Swedish Bakgrund: Sedan Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen upptäckte röntgenstrålar 1896 utvecklades den diagnostiska röntgentekniken snabbt. Under första hälften av 1900-talet var användningen av joniserande strålning i form av röntgenstrålar den enda princip med vilken den allt mer tekniskt avancerade röntgendiagnostiken bedrevs. För att åskådliggöra blodkärl använder sig konventionell r

Mechanical force is generated within skeletal muscle cells by contraction of specialized myofibrillar proteins. This paper explores how the contractile force generated at the sarcomeres within an individual muscle fiber is transferred through the connective tissue to move the bones. The initial key point for transfer of the contractile force is the muscle cell membrane (sarcolemma) where force is

Popular Abstract in Swedish Esofagektomi (kirurgiskt avlägsnande av matstrupen) är ett omfattande ingrepp som främst utförs pga cancer, men som även utförs vid vissa godartade sjukdomar. Matstrupen sträcker sig från svalget, via bakre delen av bröstkorgen ned till övre delen av buken. Det anatomiska läget gör att man ur kirurgisk synpunkt oftast måste avlägsna matstrupen via en kombination av inciIn a prospective randomised study following oesophagectomy and gastric tube reconstruction patients with hand-sutured neck anastomoses were compared with patients with circular stapled chest anastomoses. The two groups had equal rates of anastomotic or conduit leaks of 7.3 % (3/41) and 7.1 % (3/42) and of benign anastomotic strictures of 19.5 % (8/41) and 28.6 % (12/42). Another prospective random

Purpose: We measured concentrations of human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2), total prostate specific antigen (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA) and percent fPSA to evaluate their relationship to total prostate gland volume, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) volume, total prostate cancer (PCa) volume (CaVol) and the volume of Gleason grades 4/5 cancer (CaVolG14) in the serum of 256 patients with PCa undergoing

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prophylactic efficacy of the human papillomavirus (HPV) quadrivalent vaccine in preventing low grade cervical, vulvar, and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasias and anogenital warts (condyloma acuminata). DESIGN: Data from two international, double blind, placebo controlled, randomised efficacy trials of quadrivalent HPV vaccine (protocol 013 (FUTURE I) and protocol 015 (F

Katalysatorer påskyndar en reaktion utan att själva förbrukas; denna mening känner nog många igen från sin skoltid. Andra har hört talas om katalysatorer som något de "har i bilen". Mycket riktigt är det främst i bilar där vi i våra vardagliga liv stöter på katalysatorer. Här används de för att omvandla de mycket giftiga gaserna kolmonoxid och kväveoxid till för människorna ofarligt kvävIn order to fully understand the underlying processes of catalysis, it is vital to combine measurements of the catalyst surface, where the reaction occurs, with measurements of the gas concentration close to the catalyst. We have developed a convenient setup, which uses a single laser system to visualise the gas surrounding a working catalyst in situ at realistic operating conditions. Planar Lase

This thesis explores the relationship between news media and trust from the perspective of the individual audience member using the term “fake news” to do so. This thesis set out to understand how audiences were engaging with and defining the term “fake news” in our contemporary media environment and if and how this was affecting their overall engagement with news media. To do so, the study used a

Att förutsäga framtiden – modellering som ett verktyg för att förutsäga vattenkvantitet och vattenkvalitet Inom 100 år så kommer klimatet förändrats avsevärt om utsläpp av växthusgaser fortsätter i samma takt som idag. Detta kommer påverka temperatur, nederbörd vilka i sin tur påverkar flödet av vatten i Sverige. Ett avrinningsområde består av olika jordtyper, vegetation och topografi, vilka allClimate change will alter the hydrological cycle in the 21st century with implications for the water balance and water quality. As characteristics of the landscape may vary significantly between nearby locations, hydrological models need to be able to delineate responses attributed to specific landscape characteristics, to estimate their responses to altered climatic drivers. Small streams are the

Tauopathies belong to a group of neurodegenerative diseases that are characterized by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles in neurons and includes diseases such as Alzheimer´s disease and frontotemporal dementia. Neurofibrillary tangles are insoluble deposits that are composed mainly of tau, which normally acts to stabilize microtubules. In disease, tau forms fibrillar and oligomeric species, wHelpers of helpers – co-chaperone proteins and protein aggregation Proteins are one of the essential molecules that make up our bodies and the bodies of all living beings. Chaperone proteins exist as a protein ¨helper,¨ folding, maintaining, and regulating other proteins. To help these helpers, co-chaperone proteins, ¨helpers of helpers,¨ regulate chaperone proteins and help them by carrying out

Given the current societal and political developments in Germany, the visibility and integration of-marginalized is essential to ensure their inclusion in mainstream society. One way of encouraging-contact between majority and marginalized groups is through building social networks, of which-informal and nonformal educational activities play an important part. This thesis examines the-experience o

Aircraft observations of precipitating clouds with cloud top temperatures higher than -38°C have revealed that Secondary Ice Production (SIP) is responsible for presence of majority of ice particles. One such SIP mechanism is fragmentation via collisions between ice particles. The central theme of this study is to understand the dependencies of this SIP mechanism and improve its existing numerical